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Name Date Class Chapter 7.1 Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 1. What is the full name of DNA? _________ 2. What molecules make up the sides of a DNA molecule? _________ 3. What are the pairs of nitrogen bases in DNA? _________ 4. How are DNA, genes, and chromosomes related? _________ _________ 5. Why is DNA replication important? _________ _________ Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of these terms on the lines below. 6. nitrogen base _________ _________ 7. DNA replication _________ _________ Practice Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The sides of a DNA molecule are made up of sugar molecules alternating with ______ molecules. Chromosomes are made up mostly of . In DNA, adenine always pairs with . Each on a chromosome contains the information to code for one specific protein. Each group of three DNA bases on a gene codes for a single _________ . Practice If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make the statement true. 6. 7. 8. Each gene is located at a specific place on a(n) protein. DNA synthesis is the process by which DNA copies itself. The process of DNA copying itself begins when the two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate. 9. 10. The genetic code is determined by the sizes of the nitrogen bases. Nitrogen bases are molecules that contain nitrogen and other elements. Chapter 7.2 Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 1. Why are there so many different kinds of proteins when there are only 20 different amino acids? _________ _________ 2. How are DNA and RNA different? _________ _________ 3. Describe the steps in protein synthesis. _________ _________ _________ _________ Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of these terms on the lines below. 4. messenger RNA _________ _________ 5. transfer RNA _________ _________ Practice Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The process of making proteins is called protein . Proteins are made of smaller molecules called . In RNA, adenine pairs with . The sides of RNA and DNA molecules are made up of different . The genetic code in DNA is copied and carried to the ribosomes by _____________________ . Practice If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make the statement true. 6. After an amino acid is added to a protein, the transfer RNA picks up another amino acid. 7. 8. 9. 10. RNA is a(n) double strand. Changes to the type or order of amino acids can result in a different protein. Amino acids are carried to a ribosome by messenger RNA. A transfer RNA with the bases CGA will line up with a section of messenger RNA with the bases CGU. Challenge Use Chapter 7.3 to answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. How do mutations get passed on to offspring? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do mutations lead to cancer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How can cancer spread from a tumor to other parts of the body? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are two ways the risk of some types of cancer can be reduced? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________