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Download Mutations Learning goals Mutation Where Mutations Occur
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Transcript
Learning goals Mutations Unit 4 Chapter 12-4 Mutation • Mutation: permanent change in the DNA base sequences. • Mutations can be good (rarely) but usually are bad – 1. Good: make new traits – 2. Bad: change a protein structure or gene activity • 1. Explain what a mutation is and how it can affect an organism. • 2. Name the two types of cells where mutations can occur and the affects. • 3. Describe the two types of gene mutations and give examples of each. Where Mutations Occur – Mutations occur in regular body cells • 1. Occurs during mitosis (cell division) • 2. Affects the person, not the offspring • 3. Affects the function of the cell – This may cause cancer Types of Mutations – Mutations occur in sex cells (sperm or eggs) • 1. Affects the offspring not the person. • 2. Usually is a disease. – Ex. Tay Sachs disease, sickle-cell anemia, muscular dystrophy – 2. Frameshift Mutations: mutations that cause a change in the entire amino acid sequence following the mutation. Two Types: • 1. Deletion mutation: when a single nucleotide is removed – EX: The fat cat ate the rat. » The atc ata tet her at • 2. Insertion mutation: when a single nucleotide is added – EX: The fat cat ate the rat. » The fat sca tat eth era t • Major effects! May alter the function of a protein. • Gene Mutations: A change in the DNA sequence of a gene (2 types) – 1. Point Mutations: a change in a single base in DNA • May cause a change in one single amino acid or cause no change at all. – NORMAL DNA » DNA: » mRNA: » A.A.: – MUTATION » DNA: » mRNA: » A.A.: TAC GCA TGG AAT AUG CGU ACC UUA Met-----Arg-----Thr-----Leu TAC GTA TGG AAT AUG CAU ACC UUA Met-----His-----Thr-----Leu • Chromosomal Mutations: Changes the number or structure of chromosomes. – 1. Deletion or duplication of a piece of chromosome. – 2. Inversion: a piece of the chromosome will detach and reattach in reverse order. – 3. Translocation: a piece of a chromosome will break off and reattach to an entirely different chromosome. Learning goals • 1. Explain what a mutation is and how it can affect an organism. • 2. Name the two types of cells where mutations can occur and the affects. • 3. Describe the two types of gene mutations and give examples of each.
