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Name: ______________________ Date: ____________ Hour: _____ Operant Conditioning Topics in Psychology Thorndike’s Law of Effect – behavior followed by favorable consequences becomes more likely; behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. Skinner Box – a chamber containing a bar that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; devices are attached to record the animal’s rate of bar pressing. Shaping – an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal Primary Reinforcer – an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. Secondary Reinforcer – a conditioned reinforcer, a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer. Continuous Reinforcement – Behavior reinforced every time it occurs. Partial (Intermittent) Schedules of Reinforcement Fixed-Ratio Fixed-Interval Variable-Ratio Variable-Interval Positive Reinforcement – Negative Reinforcement – Token Economy –