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Psychology Review Learning Know these people and organizations: Be able to write a sentence or two about each one telling what they are known for. 1. Albert Bandura 4. John Watson 2. E.L. Thorndike 5. Little Albert 3. Ivan Pavlov 6. B.F. Skinner Be able to define these terms. 1) Observational learning 10) Generalization 2) Latent learning 11) Discrimination 3) Stimulus 12) Flooding 4) Response 13) Systematic desensitization 5) Conditioned response 14) Counterconditioning 6) Unconditioned response 15) Taste aversion 7) Conditioned stimulus 16) Mirror neurons 8) Unconditioned stimulus 17) Antisocial behavior 9) Shaping 18) Prosocial behavior Be able to give the key information regarding each of the following subjects. When in doubt, focus on the item’s relevance to Modules 19-21. 1) Operant conditioning b. Ratio vs. interval 2) Classical conditioning 7) Insight learning 3) Primary reinforcers 8) Vicarious learning 4) Secondary reinforcers 9) Modeling 5) Continual reinforcement 10) Bobo doll experiment 6) Reinforcement schedules 11) Overjustification effect a. Fixed vs. variable Be able to answer each of these essay questions. Two of them will appear on the test. Except where noted, each answer should be 35 to 40 words long. Some will appear as multiple choice questions instead of essays. 1) Provide an example of how a positive reinforcer and a negative reinforcer can be used together to encourage a behavior to occur again. 2) You notice that a young boy in your neighborhood is very afraid of bugs. Use classical conditioning to explain how the boy might have developed this fear and generalized it to all bugs, and how you could help the boy make this response extinct. 3) You are a parent trying to train your child to do her homework. Explain how you could use operant conditioning to accomplish your goal. 4) You are hired by a national magazine to analyze two new video games. They ask you to use your psychological training to predict if either of these video games may increase the chance that a child who played the game might be more violent in real life.