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Psychology Review
Learning
Know these people and organizations: Be able to write a sentence or two about each
one telling what they are known for.
1. Albert Bandura
4. John Watson
2. E.L. Thorndike
5. Little Albert
3. Ivan Pavlov
6. B.F. Skinner
Be able to define these terms.
1) Observational learning
10) Generalization
2) Latent learning
11) Discrimination
3) Stimulus
12) Flooding
4) Response
13) Systematic desensitization
5) Conditioned response
14) Counterconditioning
6) Unconditioned response
15) Taste aversion
7) Conditioned stimulus
16) Mirror neurons
8) Unconditioned stimulus
17) Antisocial behavior
9) Shaping
18) Prosocial behavior
Be able to give the key information regarding each of the following subjects. When in
doubt, focus on the item’s relevance to Modules 19-21.
1) Operant conditioning
b. Ratio vs. interval
2) Classical conditioning
7) Insight learning
3) Primary reinforcers
8) Vicarious learning
4) Secondary reinforcers
9) Modeling
5) Continual reinforcement
10) Bobo doll experiment
6) Reinforcement schedules
11) Overjustification effect
a. Fixed vs. variable
Be able to answer each of these essay questions. Two of them will appear on the test.
Except where noted, each answer should be 35 to 40 words long. Some will appear as
multiple choice questions instead of essays.
1) Provide an example of how a positive reinforcer and a negative reinforcer can be
used together to encourage a behavior to occur again.
2) You notice that a young boy in your neighborhood is very afraid of bugs. Use
classical conditioning to explain how the boy might have developed this fear and
generalized it to all bugs, and how you could help the boy make this response
extinct.
3) You are a parent trying to train your child to do her homework. Explain how you
could use operant conditioning to accomplish your goal.
4) You are hired by a national magazine to analyze two new video games. They ask you
to use your psychological training to predict if either of these video games may
increase the chance that a child who played the game might be more violent in real
life.