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Transcript
Topic: Cell Transport Questions/Main Ideas: Name: ____________________________ Date:_________________________ How do substances get into and out of cells? How do cells get what they need and get rid of what they need to get rid of? Objective: - We will be able to describe the different processes that allow movement across the cell membrane, including: diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Cell membranes are selectively permeable: - Some small substances can pass freely - Other molecules have to go through protein channels 2 Types of transport across membranes 1. Passive transport = Does not require energy to move particles 2. Active Transport = Requires energy to move particles - Energy is needed because the traveling molecules are traveling against the concentration gradient = going from a low concentration area of that molecule to a higher concentration area (it’s like walking into a crowded room or biking uphill) Passive Transport – net movement from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration area : - Diffusion = movement of molecules (solutes) across a membrane - Osmosis = diffusion of water molecules across semipermeable membrane - Facilitated Diffusion = movement of larger substances by use of a carrier protein Active Transport – requires energy to move from low concentration to high - Pumps = protein channels that use energy to move molecules - Endocytosis = cell engulfs material by moving the cell membrane around the material– makes a pouch (vesicle) around material to take into the cell - Exocytosis = cell expels (releases) material by connecting the membrane (vesicle) around the material to the cell’s membrane Summary: How does cell transport maintain homeostasis? Topic: Tonicity Questions/Main Ideas: Name: ____________________________ Date:_________________________ How does the selective permeability of the cell membrane affect the life of a cell in different environments? Review of Solutions • Solutions- mixture of a solute and a solvent • Solvent - the liquid into which the solute is dissolved. Ex) water • Solute - substance that is dissolved. Ex) Salt Semipermeable = permeable to some substances = SOME substances can freely pass into and out of the cell. If some substances cannot easily pass, then the solution inside of a cell can be different from the solution outside of the cell. The life/health of the cell can be affected if the cell cannot transport these substances (solutes). Isotonic solution = solution inside and outside have the same concentrations of solute - If a cell is in an isotonic solution, water diffuses equally into and out of the cell o This makes a happy cell Hypotonic solution = this solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the other - If a cell is in a hypotonic solution, water will diffuse into the cell o This can cause a cell to swell and burst Hypertonic solution = this solution has a higher concentration of solute than the other - If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, water will diffuse out of the cell o This can cause a cell to shrivel up Summary: