Download 9AD Biomolecules

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Review
B.9AD: Biomolecules
B.9A: Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
✪ Readiness Standard
B.9D: Analyze and evaluate the evidence regarding formation of simple organic molecules
and their organization into long complex molecules having information such as the DNA
molecule for self-replicating life.
Supporting Standard
1. Macromolecules are large, organized chemical molecules that form a structure
and carry out activities in the cells. Biomolecules are characterized by unique
chemical structures and functions. The building blocks of macromolecules are
molecular monomers that include saccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, and
nucleotides. Other macromolecules are ATP, hormones, and vitamins.
2. Carbohydrates are polysaccharides that store energy and provide structure for
cells. Lipids are composed of fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains) and are used for
energy storage and found in membranes.
3. Proteins are composed of amino acids and have thousands of diverse structures
depending on the function the protein conducts for the cell. These include
defense, signaling and transport, enzymatic activity (catalysts), regulation
(hormones,) and structure.
4. The nucleic acids of DNA are the template for RNA transcription. RNA is
transcribed and synthesized from a DNA template, and then the ribosome
translates the RNA to produce an amino acid chain that forms a protein.
5. Monomers are synthesized from various elements through a series of chemical
bonds. These are then assembled into larger chain polymers to carry out life
processes. For example, nucleotides are assembled and produce nucleic acids
such as DNA. DNA then carries the message to create proteins. These proteins
are essentials monomers of amino acids, that when assembled in a specific
order, will carry out a specific function.
6. There is limited evidence as to the origin of information-containing and selfreplicating molecules such as DNA and RNA: This includes the Oparin-Haldane,
the Iron-Sulfur World, and RNA World hypotheses.
Vocabulary
biomolecule, carbohydrate, enzyme, fatty acids, inorganic, Iron Sulfur World hypothesis,
lipid, monomer, organic, polymer, RNA World, saccharide
Fundamental Questions
Use the Key Concepts information as well as the information in your Stemscopedia
beginning on page 89 to answer the fundamental questions below.
1. What are the different types of biomolecules?
2. What are the components of each biomolecule?
3. How is the structure of a biomolecule related to its function?
4. How are basic chemical elements involved in the formation of biomolecules?
5. What is the evidence of the formation of information-containing complex molecules?
Analysis
Complete the following in the space provided.
1) Compare the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements in carbohydrates,
proteins, and lipids.
2) Create a graphic organizer to compare the functions of the biomolecules.
3) Identify the types of biomolecules that are found in the foods we eat.