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3.2: Organelles
What is an organelle?
Organelles are structures
specialized to perform distinct
processes within a cell.
Where are organelles found?
Organelles are found in the cytoplasm
of Eukaryotic cells…plant and animal
cells.
Nucleus
• Brain of the cell
• Stores all genetic
information
• Must protect DNA
and have it ready for
cell to use
• Enclosed by a
nuclear membrane
• Contains nucleolusplace where
ribosomes are made
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• 2 types:
– Smooth
– Rough
• Proteins and lipids
are produced here
• Produces, processes
and distributes
proteins throughout
the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
• Link amino acids
to form proteins
• Site of protein
synthesis
• Made of proteins
and RNA
Golgi Apparatus
• Processes, sorts
and delivers
proteins
• Post Office of the
cell
Vesicles
•Sac that divides some
material from the rest of
the cytoplasm and
transports them from
place to place
Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Supplies energy to the
cell
• Bean shaped
• Made of two membranes
– Inner membrane is place
where food is converted into
energy
Vacuole
•Storage site for cells
Lysosome
• Contain enzymes
• Defend cell from
invading bacteria
and viruses
• Breaks down
damaged or worn
out cell parts
• Animal cell only
Centriole
• Cylinder shape
• Made of short
microtubules
• 2 centrioles
perpendicular to one
another
• Play role in cell division
• Organize microtubules to
form cilia and flagella
• Animal cell only
Chloroplast
• Carry out
photosynthesis
• Convert solar
energy into
chemical energy
• Contain chlorophyll
which makes plants
green
• Plants only
Central Vacuole
• Large sac filled
with fluid that
strengthens and
helps support
the cell
• Prevents plant
from wilting
• Plants only
Cell Wall
• Surrounds cell
membrane
• Rigid layer that
protects,
supports and
shapes the cell