Download Organelle stations

Organelle Learning Sta-ons The purpose of this ac-vity is for you to explore and increase your knowledge about cell organelles. Notes have been provided. Please add diagrams and take the -me to learn about each organelle Structure
Composed of a bi-­‐layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it Func*on •  holds cell together and gives shape •  regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell Nuclear
membrane
Nuclear pore
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nucleoplasm
Structure: •  Dark granule in center of cell •  Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane Func-ons: –  Controls cell ac-vi-es through protein synthesis –  Contains gene-c info –  Directs cell division –  Site of DNA replica-on and transcrip-on Structure •  small, dark spot in
nucleus
•  Made up of RNA
•  No membrane
Function
•  makes rRNA, which then make ribosomes Structure:
•  a double membrane made of
phospholipids which has
nuclear pores
Function:
–  Separates nuclear material
from cytoplasm
–  Pores allow RNA and
proteins in & out of nucleus
This is DNA (found in the
nucleus). During a cell’s
life cycle, the DNA
mostly exists in this form.
1.  Chromatin is densely
coiled DNA wrapped
around histone
proteins.
2.  Only condenses into
chromosomes
before cell division
(mitosis or meiosis).
Structure
•  double membrane of phospholipids •  inner membrane is very folded =CRISTAE (increased surface area for cellular respira-on) •  fluid in between = MATRIX •  has its own DNA Func*on: “powerhouse” – makes ENERGY (ATP) for the cell in a process called CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Converts chemical energy in food to ATP Structure
•  membrane channels running from the nuclear envelope throughout cytoplasm. It is a transport system. 2 Types: • Means has ribosomes attached
• Usually connected with the nuclear
membrane.
• Ribosomes make proteins and then
place them in the rER
• The rER packages proteins in a
vesicle and sends them to the Golgi
Body.
• Has no attached ribosomes.
• Makes lipids and steroids.
• Also detoxifies harmful material or waste
products
• You’ll find a lot of sER in liver cells and
glands that make hormones.
Structure
•  small, dense granules made of
rRNA & protein
•  No membrane
•  2 subunits (large & small)
Function
•  site of protein
synthesis (translation)
•  Usually attached to
rER so proteins can be
easily exported
•  Can be free in
cytoplasm -proteins not
exported
(aka Polyribosome) Structure
•  Free floa-ng group of ribosomes Func*on •  makes large proteins (faster) with a single mRNA molecule (or golgi apparatus or golgi complex)
Structure
•  stacks of flaYened sacs •  surrounded by vesicles Func*on •  Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials in the form of vesicles •  modifies proteins and lipids from ER 1. DNA
copies a
gene as
mRNA
2. mRNA
moves
through pore
and attaches
to ribosome to
make protein
3. Protein put
into rER, then
sent to Golgi
in a transport
vesicle
4. Golgi modifies
protein, repackages
and sends it to
plasma membrane
in a secretory
vesicle.
5. Protein
released at
the plasma
membrane via
exocytosis
Use a laptop or computer
to view the animation of
how these organelles
work together to release
protein … turn narration
on (need flash)
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/
thelifewire8e/content/
cat_040/0404002.html
And
http://life9e.sinauer.com/
life9e/pages/
05/052001.html
-  To go over how
glycolipids are formed
- Add to notes if needed.
Structure
•  Small, membranous (bilayer)
bound sac usually made by
Golgi body
Func*on •  Storage sac (temporary
storage) ex. H2O, food, digestive
enzymes, hormones.
2 types:
Transport vesicle: moves
substances from ER to Golgi
Secretory vesicle: moves
substances from Golgi to cell
membrane
Structure
Func*on •  large vesicle (but small in •  Long term storage of H2O animals) and typically one with dissolved sugars and large in plants salts •  Membranous sacs Vacuoles are larger
Plant cell Vacuole and are formed by
phagocytosis (cell
eating).
Structure
•  Double membraned vacuoles with hydroly*c (diges-ve) enzymes Func*on •  Hydrolysis! Breaks down… •  destroys harmful substances •  can kill the cell if it breaks open -­‐ “suicide sacs” •  many in white blood cells Watch the animation
about lysosomes on
youtube
http://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v=ekdIEpSf-1I
Go to youtube.com,
search “McGraw Hill
lysosomes” and watch
the first video.
series of protein fibres in the cytoplasm •  Maintains cell shape •  Monorail to transport organelles around the cell •  Assemble and disassemble as needed Made up of: • 
• 
• 
• 
aka ac-n filaments Long & thin protein fibres that give structure and support to membrane Anchored to the plasma membrane Organelles move around the cytoplasm on these Example: in muscle cells Ac0n interacts with motor molecules such as myosin. •  In the presence of ATP, myosin pulls ac@n along causing contrac@on Structure
•  Largest fibre •  Cylinder shaped & made of tubulin (protein) Microtubule
Func*on •  Anchor for organelles and monorail for organelle movement •  Used to make cilia, flagellum & centrioles Structure
•  Intermediate size between ac-n filaments and microtubules •  made of kera-n Func*on •  Keeps the nucleus in place •  Cell-­‐cell junc@ons, such as those holding skin cells @ghtly together Structure •  ‘Watery gel’ between cell membrane and nuclear envelope •  Contains water with dissolved salts, proteins & other organic compounds Func*on •  Support & suspend organelles •  Provide water •  allows diffusion to occur in cells Structure •  Double membrane of phospholipids •  inside stacks of discs called GRANUM •  contain: –  their own DNA –  ribosomes –  enzymes Func*on •  photosynthesis (light energy converted into chemical energy) ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Granum= contains chlorophyll which traps solar energy Structure
•  Tough, rigid outermost wall •  made up of cellulose (very strong) Func*on •  maintains cell shape and skeletal support Label & explain the inter-­‐rela-onships between cell organelles Explore the organelles within a cell
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/
insideacell/
(does not work on iPads)
Plug in your earbuds to the laptop/computer and
explore the organelles. Find and listen to:
1.  Nucleus
2.  Cytoskeleton
3.  Lysosomes
4.  Golgi apparatus
5.  Mitochondria
6.  Endoplasmic reticulum
Review of Organelles….Test yourself.
This learning app provides you a narrated overview (plug in your earbuds) of
the organelles and finishes with an activity that allows you to test your
knowledge. Give it a try on a laptop or computer (not an iPad)
http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11403
Can you identify the parts of an animal cell?
Test yourself.
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U1animalcells.htm
How about a plant cell?
Test yourself.
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U1plantcells.htm
Can you determine the functions of the organelles?
Test yourself.
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U1Organelles.htm
iPad or desktop:
Beautiful 3D animation of the inside of the cell
Watch the video and try to identify as many parts of the cell as
possible. Youtube.com search “Inner life of a cell” & watch the 3:13
one
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y
This is quite a realistic representation.