Download verbal quiz genetics 2017

Genetics, DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis
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Human body cells contain _____ Chromosomes / 46
A gene is a section of a / chromosome
Each chromosome may have thousands of / Genes on it
Genes are located on the chromosomes are made of / DNA
DNA is large molecule (polymer) made of small repeating units called / Nucleotides
A nucleotide is made of three parts / A phosphate, a deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), and a
nitrogen base
7. There are 4 different types of bases so there are 4 types of nucleotides / A,T,C,G
8. A DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase / Double Helix
9. The sides of the ladder are made of the / Phosphate & Deoxyribose
10. Each step of the ladder are made up of / two matching bases (one base pair)
11. In DNA the bases always pair / A-T , C-G
12. What part of the DNA contains the genetic code / Our genetic code is in the sequence of
bases in our DNA
13. During DNA replication the DNA unzips between the / Nitrogen bases
14. Our Genes are really instructions to make / Proteins
15. The process of making proteins is called / Protein Synthesis
16. Proteins are large molecules made of / Amino Acids
17. So the sequence of bases in our DNA determines the sequence of / Amino acids in a protein
18. Usually a gene is the code or instruction for making one / Protein
19. Protein synthesis occurs at the / Ribosome
20. DNA can’t leave the nucleus so / mRNA copies the genetic code and brings it to ribosome
21. 3 ways RNA is different then DNA / 1. RNA is single stranded, 2. The sugar is ribose instead
of deoxyribose, 3. U instead of T
22. Every 3 base sequence in of mRNA is called a codon and codes for / One amino acid
23. The amino acids are brought from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes one at a time by a
transfer molecule called / tRNA
24. The tRNA has a 3 base ___________ that matches up with the 3 base ___________ on the
mRNA / anticodon & codon
25. The amino acids are put together in a long chain to make a / Protein
26. So a gene is a piece of DNA that codes for the synthesis of a / Protein
27. Sometimes errors occur when chromosomes replicate causing a change in the DNA
sequence / Mutation
28. What can cause mutations / radiation and chemicals
29. How could a mutation affect protein synthesis / Could change the order of amino acids and
cause a different protein to be made
30. The environment can influence the expression of genes an example is / Light and plants,
Temperature and Himalayan Rabbit, Identical twins in different environments
31. If all cells are genetically identical how does differentiation occur / different genes are
expressed (turned on) in different cells
32. A type of genetic engineering where a human gene is spliced into a bacterial DNA /
Recombinant DNA or Gene Splicing
33. An example of a hormone produced by recombinant DNA / Insulin
34. When humans breed plants or animals with desirable characteristics to produce offspring
with those traits / Selective Breeding or Artificial Selection
35. Removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a body cell to
produce an exact copy of one parent / Cloning