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Chapter 3
Cells and Their Structures
Section 1 - Intro to Cells
1
Cells
Smallest unit of living thing
Macromolecules build cells
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We can see cells using a
But, if we use an electron microscope we can
see MUCH more!
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Organelles - Tiny structures
within cells
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5
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Cell Theory
3 parts...
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Levels of organization
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Not all cells look the same!
Plant vs. Animal cell
muscle vs neuron vs skin
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1 A group of similar cells working together is called a(n)
A Tissue
B
Organ
C Organ System
D Organism
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2 Tiny structures that make up cells are called
A Organs
B
Nucleus
C Organelles
D Sub-units
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3 Which type of microscope allowed us to see organelles inside of cells?
A Light Microscope
B
Electron Microscope
C Sonic Microscope
D Telescope
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Section 2
Cell Structures
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Two broad types of cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
No nucleus
Nucleus
No "membrane bound" organelles
Smaller
Many organelles
Larger
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Typical Eukaryotic Cell Parts
Plasma Membrane
"wall"
made of lipids
semipermeable
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Cytosol
water + other molecules
cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm
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Nucleus
Contains DNA
Chromosomes - X shaped, DNA
wrapped around proteins
DNA has "instructions" to
make proteins
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Ribosomes
Produces rough proteins
"Factory"
Ribosomes are produces
in the nucleolus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER vs Smooth ER
Proteins
Lipids
Transports products
"Highway"
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Golgi apparatus
Finishes proteins
"Refinery"
Ships them to destination in
vesicles
"Post Office"
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Lysosome
Breaks down old molecules
& defective proteins
"Scrapyard"
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Mitochondria
Produce energy from food
"Powerplant"
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Cytoskeleton
Gives shape and
strength to cell
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Flagella - tail-like structure
Cilia - hair-like structures
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4 The "brain" of the cell is the
A Endoplasmic Reticulum
B
Ribosomes
C Nucleus
D Plasma Membrane
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5
Which organelle produces proteins? (is like a factory)
A Endoplasmic Reticulum
B
Ribosomes
C Nucleus
D Plasma Membrane
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Special Plant Organelles
Cell Wall
Strength & Protection
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Vacuole
Stores water and nutrients
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Chloroplast
Location of photosynthesis
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6 Which structure does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?
A Mitochondria
B
Plasma Membrane
C Golgi apparatus
D Cell Wall
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7 Which organelle in a plant cell is the location of photosynthesis?
A Chloroplast
B
Mitochondria
C Vacuole
D Cell Wall
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