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Transcript
BIOL 2401 Chapter 3 Chapter Review Questions 1. What is a cell? 2. List the three major parts of the cell. 3. Match the structures listed in the first column with the functions in the second column. Structure Function ____1. Cells a. performance of various cellular activities such as protein synthesis, metabolism, and cellular reproduction. ____2. Cell membrane b. control of all cellular activities; contains the genetic material of the cell. ____3. Nucleus c. controls movement of substances into and out of the cell; selectively permeable. ____4. Various cytoplasmic d. the smallest living unit. Organelles Answer the following questions concerning the cell membrane 4. Describe the general characteristics and functions of the cell membrane. 5. Describe the chemical structure of the cell membrane. Describe the interior of the cell membrane. 6. Explain why some substances can pass through the cell membrane while others cannot. 7. What is the cytoplasm? What is cytosol? 8. Fill in the following chart. Structure and function of cellular organelles Organelle Structure Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Peroxisomes Centrosome Cilia and Flagella Vesicles Microfilaments & Microtubules Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Function 9. Describe the two types of endosplasmic reticulum. What is the function of each? 10. Why is the nucleus called “The control center of the cell”? 11. When a cell gets ready to undergo mitosis, what happens to chromatin? Movements Into and Out of the Cell 12. List and describe the two processes used in the movement of substances across the cell membrane. 13. List the passive processes. 14. What is diffusion? 15. In what direction do the molecules of solute move in diffusion? 16. What substances in the human body are transported by diffusion? 19. Diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane can occur ONLY IF? 20. Describe facilitated diffusion. How is it different from simple diffusion? 21. What is osmosis? 22. What is osmotic pressure? 23. Explain how the number of solute particles in a solution affects its osmotic pressure. 24. Distinguish among solutions that are hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. 25. The process that uses energy to move molecules or ions across a concentration gradient from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration is called? 26. What is endocytosis? 27. The process by which cells engulf liquid molecules by creating a vesicle is called? 28. A process that allows cells to take in molecules of solids by surrounding them to create a vesicle is called? 29. What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? 30. What is exocytosis?