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BIOL 2401
Chapter 3
Chapter Review Questions
1. What is a cell?
2. List the three major parts of the cell.
3. Match the structures listed in the first column with the functions in the second column.
Structure
Function
____1. Cells
a. performance of various cellular activities such as
protein synthesis, metabolism, and cellular
reproduction.
____2. Cell membrane
b. control of all cellular activities; contains the
genetic material of the cell.
____3. Nucleus
c. controls movement of substances into and out of
the cell; selectively permeable.
____4. Various cytoplasmic
d. the smallest living unit.
Organelles
Answer the following questions concerning the cell membrane
4. Describe the general characteristics and functions of the cell membrane.
5. Describe the chemical structure of the cell membrane. Describe the interior of the cell
membrane.
6. Explain why some substances can pass through the cell membrane while others cannot.
7. What is the cytoplasm? What is cytosol?
8. Fill in the following chart.
Structure and function of cellular organelles
Organelle
Structure
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Centrosome
Cilia and Flagella
Vesicles
Microfilaments &
Microtubules
Nuclear envelope
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Function
9. Describe the two types of endosplasmic reticulum. What is the function of each?
10. Why is the nucleus called “The control center of the cell”?
11. When a cell gets ready to undergo mitosis, what happens to chromatin?
Movements Into and Out of the Cell
12. List and describe the two processes used in the movement of substances across the
cell membrane.
13. List the passive processes.
14. What is diffusion?
15. In what direction do the molecules of solute move in diffusion?
16. What substances in the human body are transported by diffusion?
19. Diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane can occur ONLY IF?
20. Describe facilitated diffusion. How is it different from simple diffusion?
21. What is osmosis?
22. What is osmotic pressure?
23. Explain how the number of solute particles in a solution affects its osmotic pressure.
24. Distinguish among solutions that are hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
25. The process that uses energy to move molecules or ions across a concentration
gradient from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration is called?
26. What is endocytosis?
27. The process by which cells engulf liquid molecules by creating a vesicle is called?
28. A process that allows cells to take in molecules of solids by surrounding them to
create a vesicle is called?
29. What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
30. What is exocytosis?