Download 3-3 Cell Organelles

3-3 Cell Organelles
Name _______________________
Blanks Notes
Period _____ Date ___________
The Nucleus Directs Cell Activities and Stores DNA
Most functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cell’s _____________ which is
surrounded by a double _____________ called the _____________ ______________. This is
made of two __________ bilayers that separate the ____________ from the _____________.
Scattered on the surface are many small channels called _____________ _________,
Substances made in the nucleus, such as ribosomal proteins and _______, move through
these into the ______________. Ribosomes are partially assembled in the ______________.
The _______________ information of a eukaryotic cell is coded in the cell’s _______,
which is stored in the _____________. DNA usually exists as long, ________ __________,
but when it is about to divide, the DNA strands ________ ____ and look like dense, __________________ structures called _______________.
An Internal Membrane System Processes Proteins
Eukaryotic cells have a system of internal _______________ that play a role in
processing of _____________, which are made on ______________. Each ribosome is made
of different ______________ and ______. Some ribosomes are suspended in the
_______________ and are called ”______” and these make proteins that remain __________
the ________. These are like the ribosomes in _________________ cells.
Production of Proteins – Proteins that are ____________ from the cell, like _____________
molecules, are made by ribosomes on the surface of the _______________ ______________.
The ER is an extensive system of internal _______________ that move proteins and other
things through the _______. The part of the ER with ____________ ____________ is called
the ___________ ER because of its appearance. The rough ER helps ______________
proteins that are made by its _______________ ______________. As the protein is made it
crosses the ER _____________ and enters the _____ where a portion of the ER is pinched off
to form a ______________. A vesicle is a small, ______________-___________ sac that
_______________ substances in cells. Enclosing certain proteins inside vesicles, the cell
keeps the proteins _______________ from the proteins made by _________ ribosomes. The
rest of the ______ is called ____________ because it lacks ______________. The smooth
ER makes ____________ and breaks down __________ substances.
Packaging and Distribution of Proteins – _____________ that contain newly made proteins
move through the ________________ from the ER to the __________ ______________,
which is a set of _______________, membrane-bound ________ that serve as the
_____________________ and ____________________ center of the cell. ____________
inside the Golgi apparatus ______________ the proteins. Then it encloses the modified
____________ in new _______________ that bud from the surface of the Golgi apparatus.
Some of these new vesicles are ______________, which are small, spherical organelles
containing ________________ ______________. The ______, __________ _____________
and ______________ work together in the production, packaging and distribution of proteins.
Mitochondria Produce ATP
Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain ____________________, which are an organelle that
harvests ______________ from ________________ compounds to make _______, the main
energy ______________ of cells. Some ATP is made in the _________________, but most
ATP is made ___________ the __________________. Cells that have a high energy
requirement, such as ______________ cells, may contain _____________ or _____________
of mitochondria. A mitochondria has two _______________. The outer membrane is
____________, but the inner membrane is greatly _____________. The two _____________
form two ______________ in which _______________ _______________ take place.
Mitochondrial DNA – Mitochondria have ______ and ____________ and make some of their
own ______________. Most mitochondrial proteins are made by free ____________ in the
________________. The fact that mitochondria contain their own ______, which is similar to
the circular DNA of _______________ cells, reflects the theory that primitive _____________
are the _____________ of mitochondria.
Plant Cells Contain Structures that Animal Cells Lack
All the organelles described so far are found in both ____________ cells and __________
cells. Plant cells have __________ additional structures.
Cell Wall – The cell ______________ of a plant is surrounded by a thick ________ ________,
which _______________ and ______________ the cell. Although the cell wall surrounds the
cell _______________, it does not prevent the ________________ of substances across the
cell membrane. It is made of a mixture of ______________ and __________________,
including the polysaccharide _______________. The cell wall helps to support and maintain
the cell’s _____________, protects from cell ______________, and _____________ the cell to
adjacent cells.
Chloroplasts – These are _______________ that use ____________ energy to make
____________________ from _____________ _____________ and ____________. Plants
use carbohydrates to make other ______________ _______________ that are provide the
energy for __________________. Chloroplasts are found in a wide variety of eukaryotic
___________ like ________________. Some scientists think that plants have evolved from a
_____________ ____________. They supply much of the _____________ needed to power
the ________________ of plant cells.
Central Vacuole – Much of a plant cell’s volume is taken up by a large, membrane-bound
space called the _____________ _______________. Vacuoles are found in both __________
and ____________ cells, but only __________ cells contain a ____________ ____________.
The central vacuole _____________ ____________ and may contain many substances,
including ________, _________________, and _____________. When the central vacuole is
full, it presses the ________________ against the ______ _______ and make the cell
____________, enabling it to ____________ ______________. (This is why plants wilt and
droop when they don’t get enough water.)