Download 4 - Clark College

BIOL& 160
Clark College
1
Chapter 4 Learning Outcomes
By the end of the class, successful students should be able to demonstrate the ability to:
Energy and Metabolism
• Explain the concept of a metabolic pathway, a catabolic pathway, and an anabolic
pathway .
• State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Explain the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy.
• Compare and contrast endergonic and exergonic reactions.
• Discuss how enzymes function as molecular catalysts.
• Define the term activation energy.
• Describe ATP.
• Explain how ATP is used by the cell as an energy source.
• Describe the phenomenon of feedback inhibition, competitive inhibition,
allosteric inhibition, and allosteric activation on enzymes.
Glycolysis
• Describe what substrates enter and what products exit glycolysis, when oxygen is
available to the cell.
• Name the coenzyme of glycolysis and its role in metabolism.
• Identify where in the cell the reactions of glycolysis occurs.
Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Describe what substrates enter and what products exit the citric acid cycle and
oxidative phosphorylation when oxygen is available to the cell.
• Name the coenzymes of the citric acid cycle and their role in metabolism.
• Identify where in the cell the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation occur.
ATP yield
• Account for the number of ATP molecules generated by the aerobic catabolism of
one glucose molecule.
Fermentation
• Describe both types of fermentation. Describe what substrates enter and what
products exit fermentation pathways.
• Identify where in the cell the reactions fermentation occur.
• Discuss the fundamental difference between anaerobic cellular respiration and
fermentation.
• Describe the type of fermentation that readily occurs in animal cells and the
conditions that initiate that fermentation.
Connections to Other Metablic Pathways
• Discuss the way in which carbohydrate metabolic pathways, glycolysis, and the
citric acid cycle interrelate with protein and lipid metabolic pathways.