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Anaerobic Processes Anaerobes & Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration Takes place without oxygen Performed by some prokaryotes living in anaerobic environments Stagnant ponds Intestines Waterlogged soil Glycolysis begins process ATP made (2 net) NADH Electrons from NADH move down ETC Molecules other than O2 are final eacceptors NO3SO42- ETC coupled to ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis End products of anaerobic respiration are: CO2 Reduced inorganic substances ATP Example: C6H12O6 + 12 KNO3 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 12 KNO2 + ATP Fermentation Anaerobic pathway without ETC Performed by: Some bacteria Fungi Muscle cells Only 2 ATPs made per glucose Fermentation Overview Glycolysis cannot continue indefinately because there is a limited # of NAD+ Once all NAD+ is reduced to NADH, glycolysis stops In fermentation, NADH transfer H to organic molecules Regenerates NAD+ Keeps glycolysis going 2 Types of Fermentation