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Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics Anaerobic Respiration Key Terms: Anaerobic Respiration Lactate Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Phosphofructokinase Feedback Inhibition Key Questions: How are all the parts of aerobic respiration connected together? What is the key problem that must be solved for a cell to survive anaerobically? How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolysis no oxygen required 2 ATP generated (net) per glucose but there's an NAD+/NADH problem! continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD+ need a means to NADH NAD+ Fermentation Purpose is to get rid of NADH to allow glycolysis to continue 1) alcoholic fermentation pyruvate ethanol & CO2 in plants and fungi (like yeasts) both ethanol and CO2 are useful byproducts 2) lactate fermentation pyruvate lactate in animals (like people) waste product: lactate (lactic acid) or ethanol (alcohol) Aerobic metabolism = glycolysis + citric acid cycle + electron transport + oxidative phosphorylation Anaerobic metabolism = glycolysis + fermentation (lactate or alcoholic) Regulation of Metabolism Allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase by ATP -- feedback regulation Regulation by substrate concentration Alternative energy sources carbohydrates other than glucose lipids proteins