Download Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Chapter Vocabulary Review

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Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function
Date ______________
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, match the term with its definition.
1. cell
a. organism whose cells contain a nucleus
2. cell membrane
b. granular material visible within the nucleus
3. cell wall
c. the basic unit of life
4. nucleus
d. specialized structures within a cell that perform important
cell functions
5. cytoplasm
e. organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus
6. prokaryote
f. strong supporting layer around the cell membrane that
protects the cell
7. eukaryote
8. organelle
9. chromatin
10. phagocytosis
g. process by which extensions of cytoplasm engulf large
particles
h. large structure that contains the cell’s genetic information
i. thin, flexible barrier around the cell
j. portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best completes
the sentence or answers the question.
11. The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of
ribosomes begins is called the
a. nucleolus.
b. nuclear envelope.
c. chloroplast.
d. vacuole.
12. The network of protein filaments that help maintain the shape
of the cell is called the
a. nucleus.
b. mitochondrion.
c. cytoskeleton.
d. ribosomes.
13. Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to create
energy-rich food molecules?
a. lysosomes
b. Golgi apparati
c. vacuoles
d. chloropasts
14. What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by
infoldings of the cell membrane?
a. diffusion
b. endocytosis
c. osmosis
d. exocytosis
15. The fourth, and highest, level of organization in a
multicellular organism is
a. cell specialization.
b. a tissue.
c. an organ system.
d. an organ.
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Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the structures found in an
animal cell that correspond with the numbers in the diagram.
Ribosome (attached)
16.
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Nuclear envelope
19.
17.
18.
Centrioles
16.
17.
18.
19.
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
20. The distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic
information of the cell are called
.
21. Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration in a process known as
22. The double-layered sheet that makes up nearly all cell membranes
is called the
.
23. The process in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable
membrane is called
.
24. The process by which a protein channel allows molecules to cross the
cell membrane is called
.
25. The process that requires an input of energy to help material move
from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater
concentration is called
.
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Look at the diagrams below. Label the prokaryotic cell and the
eukaryotic cell.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles
Use the diagrams to answer the question.
1. Explain why you labeled each diagram as you did.
Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table.
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell membrane
Eukaryotic Cell
present
Nucleus
present
Cell size
large
Complexity
simple
Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer.
2. What type of cells makes up your body?
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
3. What type of cell is a bacterial cell?
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
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Plant Cell
Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have already
been labeled for you.
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
Plant Cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
cell membrane
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal
cell? Circle the correct answer.
chloroplast
cell membrane
ribosome
2. What is the main function of vacuoles?
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Animal Cell
Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have
already been labeled for you.
cell membrane
mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus nucleus
ribosome
Animal Cell
nucleolus
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
centrioles
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. What is the area between the nucleus and the cell
membrane called?
2. What cell structures are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum but not on smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Organelle Function
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way to help the cell carry out life processes.
A mitochondrion, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi
apparatus are pictured and described below. Write the name of the
organelle underneath its picture.
Organelle
Function
controls most cell processes and
stores genetic material
makes membrane lipids that will be
exported out of the cell
modifies, sorts, and packages materials
from the endoplasmic reticulum
converts the energy stored in food into
a more useable form
Use the table to answer the question.
1. Which of the structures shown above contains a nucleolus?
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Plant Cell
Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have already
been labeled for you.
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
Plant Cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
cell membrane
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal
cell? Circle the correct answer.
chloroplast
cell membrane
ribosome
2. What is the main function of vacuoles?
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Animal Cell
Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have
already been labeled for you.
cell membrane
mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus nucleus
ribosome
Animal Cell
nucleolus
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
centrioles
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. What is the area between the nucleus and the cell
membrane called?
2. What cell structures are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum but not on smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Organelle Function
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way to help the cell carry out life processes.
A mitochondrion, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi
apparatus are pictured and described below. Write the name of the
organelle underneath its picture.
Organelle
Function
controls most cell processes and
stores genetic material
makes membrane lipids that will be
exported out of the cell
modifies, sorts, and packages materials
from the endoplasmic reticulum
converts the energy stored in food into
a more useable form
Use the table to answer the question.
1. Which of the structures shown above contains a nucleolus?
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Cell Membranes
The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Most cell membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer.
This bilayer usually contains membrane proteins embedded in it.
Draw a diagram of a portion of a cell membrane. Label the cytoplasm
and the area outside the cell. A sample phosolipid and membrane
protein have been diagrammed for you.
membrane protein
carbohydrate
chain
phospholipid
Answer the question.
1. What do the carbohydrate chains on some membrane
proteins do?
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Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion
of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Look at the beakers on the left. In the beakers on the right, draw in any
changes in water level or number of solute particles on each side of the
membrane that occur as a result of the described process.
membrane
water
Diffusion
of
Solute
Particles
solute
particles
solute particle movement
Osmosis
water movement
Use the diagrams to answer the question.
1. Look at the top left beaker. What would happen if the membrane did not allow water or solute particles to pass through it?
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Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport
Facilitated diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses across
the cell membrane through a protein channel. Active transport
occurs when the cell uses energy to carry a substance across the
cell membrane.
Look at the diagrams. Label each as either facilitated diffusion or
active transport.
Glucose molecules
Molecule to
be carried
Energy
Molecule
being carried
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. Which process can move molecules from a lower concentration
solution on one side of the membrane to a higher concentration
solution on the other side?
2. Which process does not require energy?
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