Download CB - Human Genome WS 2pp

Name______________________________
Chapter 14
Class __________________
Date ______________
Class
Section
I . Genetics
. Genetics
Section2
Since
Mendel
The Human Genome
Vocabulary Review
Labeling Diagrams Use the words listed below to label the diagram.
autosome
sex chromosome
(XX)
Directions:This
diagram
showthejoiningofhuman
male(XY)
andhuman
female
sexcells.
Usethe
diagram
toanswer
thequestions
below.
karyotype
[*'I
autosome
2.
.J
l*'l
7Y
/\
XY
1
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
karyotype
9
17
10
18
11
19
12
20
13
21
14
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3.
15
X
5. sex chromosomes
g
_____
6. autosomes
a
_____
7. pedigree
f
_____
8. sex-linked gene
b
_____
9. nondisjunction
d
_____
10. DNA fingerprinting
XX
XY
,$rn
Y
d
sex chromosome
a. chart that shows the relationships within a family
b. failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in
meiosis
c. picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs
d. test used to identify individuals by analyzing sections
of DNA
e. chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex
f. gene located on the X or Y chromosome
g. chromosomes that do not determine sex
'tli
1. What do the lettersX and Y standfor?
a
.9
2. Which chromosomeis found only in the male?
o
o
E
o
O
I
3
0
o
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4. karyotype
e
_____
XY
16
Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term.
c
_____
XX
3. Which personhastwo X chromosomes?
0
I
0
c
.9
'>
4. Accordingto the diagram,what percentageof the offspring is female?
0
I
!
!
00
\
5. Do you think it is possibleto accuratelypredict all male offspring for a particular
mating pair?Why or why not?
0
0
a
-9
0
0
!
.g
0
0
16 Heredity
I
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Pedigree Charts
A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows family relationships.
This pedigree chart shows how the trait of a white lock of hair has
been inherited in a family. The allele that codes for a white lock of
hair is dominant.
Study the chart. Then, answer the questions below.
A White Lock of Hair
A circle represents
a female.
(lass
Date __________
Genetics
Since
Mendel
I
questions
provided.
Answer
thefollowing
onthelines
Directions:
l. There are four phenotypesof human blood.
a. Is it possiblefor two allelesto producefour phenotypes?
b. What phenotypeis producedby eachof the following genotypes?
A square represents
a male.
A vertical line
and a bracket
connect the
parents to their
children.
A horizontal line connecting
a male and female represents
a marriage.
AA
AO
oo
BB
BO
AB
c. How many allelesare there for blood type?
d. When a trait hasmore than two alleles.how is that trait inherited?
e. Which blood type is inherited by incompletedominance?Explainyour answer.
Ww
i
1. How many males shown in the chart have a white lock of hair?
2. This pedigreeshowsthe inheritancepattern of a sex-linkeddisorder,suchas color blindness.
Is the father,A, affectedor not affectedby the disorder?Explain your answer.
2. The alleles of two of the people in the chart are provided. What
are the alleles of their three children?
3. Name a sex-linked genetic disorder.
Son without white lock:
4. Name a homozygousrecessive
geneticdisorder.
Son with white lock:
Daughter with white lock:
24 Heredity
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129
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ww
A circle or square that is
not shaded indicates
that a person does not
express the trait.
A shaded circle or square
indicates that a person
expresses the trait.
,\l*
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Date __________
Sex-Linked Disorders
The X and Y chromosomes are the sex chromosomes. Females have
two X chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosome.
Because males have only one allele for X-linked genes, the allele is
expressed, even if it is recessive.
The pedigree below shows the offspring of a female carrier of hemophilia
and a male who does not suffer from the disorder.
X Xh
XY
Date
Name
(lass
(Xc).
thepedigree
Study
iscolorblindness
ontheX chromoslme
traitoc-urring
}nesex-linked
Directions:
tohelp
llsethefollowing
generations
ofafamily.
inthree
blindness
of color
theoccurrence
thatshows
below
questions
5-9.
answer
X=X chromosome
o
tr
o
I
Y-Y chromosome
c=normal vision
.(-
'=color-blind trait
n o rm a lf em a le
normalmale
carrierfemale
male
color-blind
5. What is the genotypeof the first generationfemale?
Xh X
XY
XX
Xh Y
6. What is the genotypeof the first generationmale?
rs
trait?
7. What is the probability in percentof person6 passingthe color-blind
a
u;
Use the pedigree to answer the questions.
1. Color each square or circle that indicates an individual who is a
carrier of the hemophilia trait in red.
2. Color each square or circle that indicates an individual who has
hemophilia in blue.
3. Could these parents have a daughter with hemophilia?
Explain.
.q
8. What is the probability in percentof person7 passingthe color-blind trait?
\Mhat accountsfor this?
9. person5 is color-blind. However,his sonsdo not havethis condition.
o
c
'a
questiln.
thefollowing
answer
sentences,
complete
Directions:Ilsing
10. Explain how scientistshaveattemptedto improve crop plants.
o
e
j
I
=
a
o
o
c
o
o
4. Why are sex-linked diseases more common in males than
in females?
E
.9p
o
o
38 Heredity
131
E
=
-=
o
o
c
Skills
lV. Writing
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
c
o
o
Class
Name____________________________
Date
Chapter 14 The Human Genome
Graphic Organizer
Compare/Contrast Table
Types of Genetic Disorders
Using information from the chapter, complete the compare/contrast table below
to compare different types of genetic disorders. If there is not enough room in the
table to write your answers, write them on a separate sheet of paper.
Type of
Disorder
Cause
Can Be
Inherited
Affects Both
Males and
Females?
Class __________________
Date __________
DNA Fingerprinting
No two people have exactly the same genetic code, except for
identical twins. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify
individuals based on their genetic code. Using DNA fingerprinting, DNA from blood and other materials left at a crime scene can
be compared to a suspect’s DNA. If the samples match, it is likely
that the DNA found at the crime scene is the suspect’s DNA.
Look at the DNA fingerprints and answer the following questions.
Examples
1.
Yes
Yes
2.
Sex-linked
Sex-linked genetic
disorders are caused
by alleles on the X or
Y chromosome.
Yes
3.
Colorblindness,
Duchenne muscular
dystrophy,
Hemophilia
Chromosomal
4.
No
Yes
5.
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Sa
m
pl
Sa e 1
m
p
Sa le 2
m
p
Sa le 3
m
p
Ev le 4
id
en
Sa ce
m
pl
e
5
Autosomal
DNA Fingerprint A
Sa
m
p
Sa le 1
m
p
Sa le 2
m
p
Sa le 3
m
p
Sa le 4
m
pl
Sa e 5
m
pl
e
6
Name
DNA Fingerprint B
1. In DNA Fingerprint A, which sample matches the evidence?
2. In DNA Fingerprint B, which two samples match?
3. In DNA fingerprint B, which two samples may be from a set of
identical twins?
Teaching Resources /Chapter 14
179
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132
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Date __________
Chapter 14 The Human Genome
Vocabulary Review
Multiple Choice In the space provided, write the letter of the term that
best completes each sentence.
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is the process by which genes that cause a disorder
are replaced by normal, working genes. Often, viruses are used
during gene therapy. The diagram below shows how a virus might
be used to deliver a gene to a bone marrow cell.
1. In addition to two sex chromosomes, humans have
44 other chromosomes called
a. autosomes.
c. sex-linked genes.
b. karyotypes.
d. zygotes.
2. A picture that shows chromosomes arranged in pairs
is a(n)
a. pedigree.
c. autosome.
b. DNA fingerprint.
d. karyotype.
3. Whether a human is male or female is determined by
his or her
a. sex chromosomes.
c. autosomal chromosomes.
b. pedigree chromosomes. d. sickle-cell chromosomes.
4. DNA fingerprinting is used to identify individuals by
a. replacing sections of DNA.
b. analyzing sections of DNA.
c. charting family relationships.
d. sorting homologous chromosomes.
5. A pedigree is a chart that shows
a. the separation of chromosomes during meiosis.
b. sections of an individual’s DNA.
c. relationships within a family.
d. chromosomes in homologous pairs.
6. Nondisjunction occurs when
a. homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis.
b. humans analyze DNA.
c. males have a recessive gene on their X chromosome.
d. humans construct a pedigree.
Date __________
Bone marrow cell
Nucleus
Normal gene
1
Chromosomes
Virus
2
3
Arrange the following steps in the correct order.
Virus infects human cell.
Normal gene is inserted into viral DNA.
Virus delivers its DNA to human cell.
Answer the question.
1. Why are viruses used in gene therapy?
7. A sex-linked gene is a gene that
a. is located on an autosome.
b. causes nondisjunction.
c. fails to separate during meiosis.
d. is located on an X or a Y chromosome.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
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