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Transcript
Cell Analogy Project Introduction Cells need to carry on the same basic functions as we do to sustain life; the difference is cells do this with much smaller parts. These smaller structures that allow the cell to function are called organelles – “tiny organs.” Also plant and animal cells have some similar parts and some parts that are not similar. It’s only common sense that if you are able to relate things you learned in class to everyday things, you’ll remember it better. It’s not everyday that you and your friends sit around at Starbucks discussing the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, you probably do discuss things like cars, your homes, places to visit, etc… Therefore, your task in this assignment is to relate the different cell organelles to an everyday situation or thing using an analogy. Your Task You will come up with an analogy for the cell of your choice and its organelles. Your analogy will be represented in the form of a poster that represents a cell and its organelles. You should compare roles of 10 organelles to a part of the analogy. Example: the Cell City • The nucleus of a cell is the main control center of the cell. It holds all of the information needed for the cell to function properly. Therefore, it is like city hall because this is where the information, policy and governing is done to run the city. • The mitochondria of a cell are where energy (ATP) is created through the breakdown of glucose (fuel) in a process known as cellular respiration. In a city, the power plant would be similar to a mitochondria because this is were electricity (energy) is made from fuel (coal) in a process known as combustion. • The Poster etc…etc …etc… There are 2 parts of the poster: • Part 1 – The analogy. You should have a well drawn or constructed picture of your analogy (i.e. if you were doing a cell city, you would have a picture of a city and each of the parts of your analogy), and short 2-3 sentence descriptions of each organelle analogy (like shown above) • Part 2 - Structure and function table on the back of the poster that indicates a relationship between the organelle and its function within the cell. In other words, what is its role and what can it be compared to in a living cell? Also, indicate how you know whether the cell is plant or animal! For a small bonus, include a picture of each organelle (separately, or include a big picture of a real plant/animal cell with it’s parts correctly labeled…) Grading Your poster will be evaluated according to the following criteria on a scale from 1 to 5. A “1” would mean that you did not meet my expectations for that section of the project. A “5” would mean that you went above and beyond and exceeded my expectations on that section of the project. A five will only be given if that specific section is exceptionally good! Use these categories below before you finalize your poster to make sure you have met all of the requirements! Grading Categories 1. Accuracy and Clarity of Analogy (10 points). Does the analogy make sense? Are all of the organelles included? Are the descriptions of each analogy clear and complete? Are the descriptions of each analogy of the required length? Make sure you include the following organelles: a. plasma membrane b. nucleus c. lysosome d. ribosome e. rough endoplasmic reticulum f. smooth endoplasmic reticulum g. golgi apparatus h. mitochondria i. chloroplast j. vacuole OPTIONAL: k. nucleolus l. cell wall m. cytoplasm n. cilia and/or flagella 2. Accuracy of Organelle Description (10 points). Does the table on the back of the poster include all required organelles? Are the functions of each organelle correct? Do you state how you can tell if your cell is a plant or animal? 3. Creativity (5 points). Is your analogy creative? For a project with average creativity, you will receive an average score. If you choose to do “A Cell City” you will receive 0 points for this section, as I already gave you that idea. 4. Completion & Organization (5 points). Does your project include all of the necessary parts? Is it organized? Does it show a high amount of effort? Cellular Structures and Functions – Below, you will find 2 tables with the descriptions of structures and the functions. They are in no specific order, so it is your job to match the descriptions with the organelles in Table 3, then match the functions with the descriptions. Table 1 – Description of Structures Table 2 – Organelle Functions Contains DNA, the blueprints for making necessary proteins Controls all of the cell functions Organelles that contain digestive enzymes Trap energy from sunlight in leaves; site of photosynthesis Round, non-membrane bound organelle, found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Digests excess or worn out organelles Clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell Makes proteins according to the instructions given by DNA Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell Selects which molecules enter the cell Membrane-bound spaces; sacs surrounded by a membrane Produces and stores lipids Series of highly folded membranes suspended in the cytoplasm. Attached to its outside are ribosomes. Sorts and packages proteins for transport out of the cell Flattened system of tubular membranes Makes ribosomes Contained within the nucleus Site of cellular respiration – to convert glucose into usable energy Firm structure in plans, located outside the plasma membrane, make of cellulose Stores food, water and sometimes waste materials Series of highly folded membranes suspended in the cytoplasm. Nothing attached to its outside. Provides a transport system between the nucleus and cytoplasm Suspends the cell’s organelles and is the site of many biochemical reactions Small, cylindrical structures that contain microtubules Contain a highly folded inner membrane, an outer membrane and matrix Facilitates cell division Contain a plant cell’s thylakoids, stroma and grana, and chlorophyll. Protects and gives the plant cells its shape Table 3. Cellular Structure and Function Cell Structure Plasma Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Lysosome Ribosome Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Centriole Mitochondria Chloroplast Vacuole Cell Wall Cytoplasm Description of the cell structure Function of Cell Structure