Download Ribosomes

Ribosomes
are small organelles where protein synthesis
occurs , it is composed of two subunits , one
large and one small . Ribosomes can be found
free in the cytoplasm either singly or in groups
called poly ribosomes, also can be found
attached to endoplasmic reticulum and can be
found stored in nucleolus inside the nucleus.
Ribosomes site of protein synthesis.
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Cell Powerhouse
Mitochondria
Mitochondrion(singular)
Rod shape
Site of Cellular respiration, found
in plant and animal cells
-produces energy through
breakdown fats and carbohydrates
to release energy(cellular
respiration).
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cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondrion
glycogen
granule
cell
membrane
Animal cell
organelles
No cell wall or
chloroplast
Stores glycogen in
the cytoplasm for
food energy
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“Typical” Animal Cell
Animal Cells organelles
Mitochondria
-Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria
-Burn sugars to produce energy ATP
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Cell Membrane
Cell membrane
-Lies immediately next the cell wall in plant cells and outer
most in animal cells.
-Made of protein and lipids
-Selectively permeable
-controls movement in and out of the cell
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Plasma Membrane
Functions:1-Living layer encloses the cell contents.
2 -It Controls the transport of certain
materials(glucose ,water , amino acid) into and out
of the cell(Selectively permeable) .
3-it provide cell shape.
-
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Cytoplasm of a Cell
Cytoplasm
-Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane contain many
cell organelles(nucleus, golgi body, ribosomes , lysosomes,
mitochondria and chloroplast)to carry out specific job.
-Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place.
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Control Organelle
Nucleus
-It is the largest organelles contain DNA and chromosomes
bounded by nuclear membrane.
1- maintain the cell in working order
2-co ordinates the activities of organelles
3- participates directly in cell division(mitosis)
4- participates in production of gametes through (meiosis).
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Centriole
• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Help cell divide
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Plant Cell Organelles
Vacuole
Is a large membranous sac
contain water ,sugar ,salt ,
toxic molecules also
pigments(which responsible
for the red , blue or purple
colors of flowers and some
leaves, the toxic substances
help protect plant from
herbivorous animals.
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“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Wall
Functions:-Nonliving layer made of cellulose
mostly found in all plant
cells .
–
1- It gives shape to plant and
bacterial cells.
. 2-Protect the delicate inner parts
of the cells.
3–It freely allows the passage of
water and other chemicals into and
out of cells.4-Resist entry of excess
water into the cell.
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Plant Cell Organelles
Chloroplast
Contain the green
pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to make
sugars (food)by
Process called
photosynthesis
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Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Guard Cells
root hair
Root Hair Cell
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Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
Amoeba
red blood cell
muscle cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
Paramecium
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Similarities between plant cells and
animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the
cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
• 1-Cell wall present
2-Vacuoles are usually
large
3- Chloroplasts present
4-Centriol absent
5-mitochondria few
6-lysosomes almost
absent
7- glyoxysomes present
• 1-Cell wall absent
2-Generally vacuoles
absent
3- Chloroplasts absent
4-Centriol present
5-mitochondria more
6-lysosomes present
7-glyoxysomes absent
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