Download Cell Theory

Cell Theory
• Notes Answers
Cell Discovery
1.
Coined term cell = Robert Hooke
2. Observe plant cells = Schleiden
3. Observe animal cells = Schwann
4. Cell from pre-existing cells =
Rudolf Virchow
Cell Theory
5. The cell theory shows = what all cells have in
common.
6. The three parts to the cell theory
a. All plants are made up of cells.
b. All animals are made up of cells.
c. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Recall
7.Three organelles found
in all cells
a.Cell membrane
b.Cytoplasm
c.Genetic material
Recall
7. Prokaryotes
vs
no nucleus
no membrane-bound organelles
few organelles
small in size
BACTERIA
Eukaryotes
yes nucleus
yes membrane
bound organelles
many organelles
larger in size
ALL OTHER KINGDOMS
Cell Organelles
•Cell organelles
•Characteristics
•Functions
Centriole
Plant cells
Animal cells
• Plant Cells =
no (plant cells use other
Characteristics
• Composed of
microtubules
proteins to move their
chromosomes around)
• Animal cells =
yes
• Always located
near the nucleus
Centriole
Functions:
• Move chromosomes during cell
division.
Cell wall
Plant cell
Animal cell
Characteristics
• Plant cell = yes
• Composed of
microtubules.
• Animal cell = NO
• Primary wall in all plants.
• Secondary wall form
“bark” on a tree.
Cell wall
Functions
* Provides protection, support
and shape to the cell.
Chloroplast
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cell = yes
• Animal cell = no
(animal cells have color
pigments but they are not
located in a chloroplast)
Characteristics
• Composed of chlorophyll
and other color
pigments.
Chloroplast
• Function = carry out photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis converts solar energy
into glucose (energy-storing
compound)
Cytoplasm
Plant cell
Animal cell
characteristics
• Plant cell = yes
• Semi-solid material.
• Animal cell = yes
• Often described as being
“jelly-like” in consistency.
Cytoplasm
• Functions:
• Location for many of the
chemical reactions of the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = yes
Characteristics
• Composed of
microtubules.
• Composed of
intermediate filaments.
• Composed of
microfilaments
Cytoskeleton
• Functions:
• Provide shape to the cell and for
movement of internal cell organelles –
microtubules
• Provide strength to the cell –
intermediate filaments
• Enables entire cells to move and/or
contract muscle cells - microfilaments
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = yes
Characteristics
• Can be smooth = few to
no ribosomes
• Can be rough = many
ribosomes
• Hollow network of
membranes.
• Always connects the
nucleus to the cell
membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Functions
• Transports materials throughout the cell.
• Rough ER tends to transport proteins.
• Smooth ER tends to transport lipids and
other compounds.
Golgi Complex
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cell = yes
• Animal cell = yes
Characteristics
• Composed of closely
layered stacks of
membrane- enclosed
spaces.
• Always be found near an
endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi Complex
• Function
• Collect proteins
• Modifies proteins
• Packages proteins
• Sends the packaged proteins out
into the cell via a vesicle.
Lysosomes
Plant cells
Animal cells
• Plant cells = no
(they tend to store their
enzymes in a vacuole not a
lysosome)
Animal cells = yes
Characteristics
• Membrane-bound sacs
filled with enzymes.
Lysosomes
• Functions
• Defend the cell from invading bacteria
and viruses.
• Break down damaged cell organelles or
worn-out cell organelles.
• Digest materials found in vacuoles.
Mitochondria
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = yes
Characteristics
• Bean shaped
• Composed of an outer
layer and an inner layer.
• Inner layer is lined with
enzymes.
• Contain their own DNA
• Able to replicate
Mitochondria
• Functions
• Makes energy for the cell (ATP –
chemical energy)
Nucleus
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cell = yes
Characteristics
• Contains nuclear pores
• Contains nucleoplasm.
• Animal cell = yes
• Selectively permeable
• Tends to be in the center
of animals cells and
pushed up against the
wall in plant cells (why?
Big vacuole in plants)
Nucleus
• Functions
• Contains the genetic material for
the cell (DNA/Chromosomes)
• Control the production of
proteins.
Nucleolus
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cell = yes
• Animal cell = yes
Characteristics
• Located within the
nucleus
Nucleolus
•Functions
•Makes a ribosome
Plastids
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = no
(animal cells have color
pigments, however,
specific cells make these
and they are not “stored”)
Characteristics
• Membrane-bound sacs.
Plastids
•Functions
•Store color pigments for
plants
Ribosomes
Plant cells
Animal cells
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = no
Characteristics
• Composed of 3 pieces.
• Mainly located on RER.
• May float freely in the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes
•Functions
•Assembles amino acids
in order to make
proteins.
Vacuole
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells – Yes
large in size
located in the center of
the cell.
Animal cell = yes
small in size
does not last long
Characteristics
Vacuole
•Functions
•Storage (food, water,
inorganic ions, and
enzymes)
Vesicles
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Plant cells = yes
• Animal cells = yes
Characteristics
• Membrane- bound sacs
• Formed by the Golgi
complex
Vesicles
• Functions
• Stores/carries proteins to their required
locations.
• Vesicle derived from the proteins packaged by
the Golgi or from the ER which contains the
ribosomes that made proteins.
Cell Analogy
City Part
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Warehouse
UPS store
City hall
Wrecking company
Fence
Power plant
Factory
Streets
Cell Analogy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Vacuole
Golgi Complex
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum