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Transcript
Cell Theory • Notes Answers Cell Discovery 1. Coined term cell = Robert Hooke 2. Observe plant cells = Schleiden 3. Observe animal cells = Schwann 4. Cell from pre-existing cells = Rudolf Virchow Cell Theory 5. The cell theory shows = what all cells have in common. 6. The three parts to the cell theory a. All plants are made up of cells. b. All animals are made up of cells. c. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Recall 7.Three organelles found in all cells a.Cell membrane b.Cytoplasm c.Genetic material Recall 7. Prokaryotes vs no nucleus no membrane-bound organelles few organelles small in size BACTERIA Eukaryotes yes nucleus yes membrane bound organelles many organelles larger in size ALL OTHER KINGDOMS Cell Organelles •Cell organelles •Characteristics •Functions Centriole Plant cells Animal cells • Plant Cells = no (plant cells use other Characteristics • Composed of microtubules proteins to move their chromosomes around) • Animal cells = yes • Always located near the nucleus Centriole Functions: • Move chromosomes during cell division. Cell wall Plant cell Animal cell Characteristics • Plant cell = yes • Composed of microtubules. • Animal cell = NO • Primary wall in all plants. • Secondary wall form “bark” on a tree. Cell wall Functions * Provides protection, support and shape to the cell. Chloroplast Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cell = yes • Animal cell = no (animal cells have color pigments but they are not located in a chloroplast) Characteristics • Composed of chlorophyll and other color pigments. Chloroplast • Function = carry out photosynthesis • Photosynthesis converts solar energy into glucose (energy-storing compound) Cytoplasm Plant cell Animal cell characteristics • Plant cell = yes • Semi-solid material. • Animal cell = yes • Often described as being “jelly-like” in consistency. Cytoplasm • Functions: • Location for many of the chemical reactions of the cell. Cytoskeleton Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = yes Characteristics • Composed of microtubules. • Composed of intermediate filaments. • Composed of microfilaments Cytoskeleton • Functions: • Provide shape to the cell and for movement of internal cell organelles – microtubules • Provide strength to the cell – intermediate filaments • Enables entire cells to move and/or contract muscle cells - microfilaments Endoplasmic Reticulum Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = yes Characteristics • Can be smooth = few to no ribosomes • Can be rough = many ribosomes • Hollow network of membranes. • Always connects the nucleus to the cell membrane. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Functions • Transports materials throughout the cell. • Rough ER tends to transport proteins. • Smooth ER tends to transport lipids and other compounds. Golgi Complex Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cell = yes • Animal cell = yes Characteristics • Composed of closely layered stacks of membrane- enclosed spaces. • Always be found near an endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi Complex • Function • Collect proteins • Modifies proteins • Packages proteins • Sends the packaged proteins out into the cell via a vesicle. Lysosomes Plant cells Animal cells • Plant cells = no (they tend to store their enzymes in a vacuole not a lysosome) Animal cells = yes Characteristics • Membrane-bound sacs filled with enzymes. Lysosomes • Functions • Defend the cell from invading bacteria and viruses. • Break down damaged cell organelles or worn-out cell organelles. • Digest materials found in vacuoles. Mitochondria Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = yes Characteristics • Bean shaped • Composed of an outer layer and an inner layer. • Inner layer is lined with enzymes. • Contain their own DNA • Able to replicate Mitochondria • Functions • Makes energy for the cell (ATP – chemical energy) Nucleus Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cell = yes Characteristics • Contains nuclear pores • Contains nucleoplasm. • Animal cell = yes • Selectively permeable • Tends to be in the center of animals cells and pushed up against the wall in plant cells (why? Big vacuole in plants) Nucleus • Functions • Contains the genetic material for the cell (DNA/Chromosomes) • Control the production of proteins. Nucleolus Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cell = yes • Animal cell = yes Characteristics • Located within the nucleus Nucleolus •Functions •Makes a ribosome Plastids Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = no (animal cells have color pigments, however, specific cells make these and they are not “stored”) Characteristics • Membrane-bound sacs. Plastids •Functions •Store color pigments for plants Ribosomes Plant cells Animal cells • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = no Characteristics • Composed of 3 pieces. • Mainly located on RER. • May float freely in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes •Functions •Assembles amino acids in order to make proteins. Vacuole Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells – Yes large in size located in the center of the cell. Animal cell = yes small in size does not last long Characteristics Vacuole •Functions •Storage (food, water, inorganic ions, and enzymes) Vesicles Plant cell Animal cell • Plant cells = yes • Animal cells = yes Characteristics • Membrane- bound sacs • Formed by the Golgi complex Vesicles • Functions • Stores/carries proteins to their required locations. • Vesicle derived from the proteins packaged by the Golgi or from the ER which contains the ribosomes that made proteins. Cell Analogy City Part 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Warehouse UPS store City hall Wrecking company Fence Power plant Factory Streets Cell Analogy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Vacuole Golgi Complex Nucleus Lysosomes Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum