Download 2017 Reg of Mitosis Genetics Protein Synth Regulation Review

Regulation of the Cell Cycle, Non-Mendelian Genetics , Protein Synthesis, & Eukaryotic Control of Gene Expression
Big Daddy!!
Regulation of the Cell Cycle (Chapter 12 pgs. 242-248)
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Be able to explain what is being checked at the G1 , G2, and M checkpoint.
Be able to explain how different types of cyclin and CDK’s help to regulate and initiate the next
phase at each checkpoint.
Know what each cyclin / CDK combination phosphorylates in order to initiate the next phase of the
cell cycle.
Be able to compare and contrast all of the differences between normal and cancerous cells (colorful
sheet!)
Know the signal transduction pathway that controls moving past the point of no return (G1
checkpoint)
Be able to explain the significance of p53 , Ras, p21, in the production of a cancerous cell.
You should be able to explain why you need at least 3 mutations in order to have a cancerous
situation
Genetics (portions of chapters 14 and 15)
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Compare and contrast different Non-Mendelian modes of inheritance to classical Mendelian
inheritance and to each other including . . . Incomplete Dominance, Multiple allelic, Codominance,
Sex-Linked, Autosomal Linked (same chromosome) , Polygenic, Pleiotropic, Environmental,
mitochondrial and Y-linked. (pink sheet)
Complete genetics problems including all of the above inheritance.
Use chi-square analysis (goodness of fit) to reject or not reject null hypothesis of a certain type of
inheritance.
Analyze pedigrees and use process of elimination to figure out the type of inheritance
Be able to explain why X-linked recessive disorders are more prevalent in male offspring
Protein Synthesis (Chapter 17)
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Explain the central dogma of informational flow
Be able to analyze and explain data from Beadle and Tatum’s classical experiment with mold that
helped support the one gene – one enzyme hypothesis
Be able to explain that one gene does not always code for one polypeptide, but it always codes for
one RNA transcript
Provide what the small letters mean and the purpose of each of the following types of RNA . . .
o mRNA
o rRNA
o tRNA
o snRNA
o ncRNA
o siRNA
o miRNA
o piRNA
Be able to explain how the function of each type of RNA is dictates by its unique sequence of
nucleotides which sometime dictates the unique shape of each type of RNA
Be able to flawlessly use the mRNA codon chart as shown on page 339
Be able to explain in detail transcription including (initiation, elongation and termination)
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Be able to explain why processing can occur in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes
Be able to explain specifics regarding RNA splicing , and cap and tail placement and purposes.
Know the structure of a spliceosome and explain how it recognizes introns and catalyzes the
reaction of splicing.
Know the function of each type of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (I, II and III)
Be able to explain how RNA polymerase II reads and builds
Explain how RNA polymerase gets the energy to build new RNA strands and explain the
complementary base pairing strategy.
Know what UTR stands for and where it is in the RNA transcript
Be able to compare and contrast the primary transcript and final transcript
Be able to explain alternative RNA splicing and its evolutionary significance
Know that each exon codes for a specific domain in the final polypeptide/protein
Be able to explain in detail translation including (initiation, elongation, and termination)
Be able to explain how tRNA gets a specific amino acid loaded onto the 3’ end
Be able to explain what wobble means
Know the purpose of the E, P, and A site on the large ribosomal subunit
Be able to explain how certain polypeptides are targeted to stay in the cytoplasm, be transported
to a membrane (organelle or cell), or exit the cell
Be able to explain what each of the following is and the significance of each
o Point mutation
o Substitution
o Silent mutation
o Missense mutation
o Nonsense mutation
o Insertions
o Deletions
o Frameshift mutations
o Mutagens
Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression (Chapter 18)
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Be able to explain pre-transcriptional control mechanisms, RNA processing, and post translational
control mechanisms that are utilized by eukaryotic cells
Be able to explain our regulation activity and use specific genes that are turned on or off in red
blood cells, intestinal lining cells, smooth muscle cells in the intestine, and beta cells in the pancreas
Be able to explain the mechanisms that can turn off certain sections of chromosomes for long
period of time and compare and contrast euchromatin and heterochromatin
Be able to compare general transcription factors and specific transcription factors including
purpose and place of DNA attachment.
Be able to explain the purpose of enhancers, silencers, activators, repressors, DNA bending proteins
and your close personal friend RNA polymerase II.
Make sure you know how to say TATA correctly or else it will freak out even your bestest of friends!
Be able to compare how multiple genes that are involved in a pathway can all be turned on at the
same time even though they are found on different chromosomes
Be able to model how micoRNA’s target and affect mRNA
Be able explain the significance of RNAi
Be able to compare different cancer treatment strategies including radiation, chemotherapy,
surgery, and immunotherapy.
Be able to model a mechanism where a virus can cause a type of cancer