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Cell Physiology
Cell Physiology
• Most cells have the ability to:
– Metabolize
– Digest foods
– Dispose of wastes
– Reproduce
– Grow
– Move
– Respond
Membrane Transport
• Cell membrane is selectively permeable
• Passive Transport
– No energy input from the cell
• Active Transport
– Requires energy from the cell
Passive Transport
• Diffusion
– Movement from high to low concentration
– Molecule requirements
• Small
Simple diffusion
• Lipid soluble
• Have a membrane carrier Facilitated diffusion
– Osmosis
• Diffusion of water
– Filtration
• Force by pressure not concentration
• High pressure to low pressure
Active Transport
• Requires ATP input from cell
• Solute pumps
– Specialized protein carriers
– Most move from low to high concentration
Vesicular Transport
• Also requires ATP
• Exocytosis
– Moves materials out of
cell
• Endocytosis
– Phagocytosis
• Cell eating
• Protective function
– Pinocytosis
• Cell drinking
• Routine process
Cell Life Cycle
• Results in identical daughter cells
• Consists of interphase and cell division
• Interphase
– Longer phase, preparations to divide
• Cell division
– Mitosis
• Division of the nucleus
– Cytokinesis
• Division of the cytoplasm
Cell Cycle
Protein Synthesis
• Proteins are essential to cell life
• Two major processes
– Transcription
• Occurs in nucleus
• DNA is transcribed into mRNA
– Translation
• mRNA moves from nucleus
• mRNA translated into proteins
– tRNA transfers amino acids
– Ribosome assembles protein