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Transcript
KEY TERMS FOR LAB EXERCISE 1: Cell wall: A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists. In plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the secondary cell wall is stronger and more rigid and is the primary constituent of wood. Central vacuole: A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. Chloroplasts: An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Cilium: A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane. Cytoplasm: The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane. Eukariotic cell: A type of cell with a membrane -enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote. Flagellum: A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane. Mitochondrion: An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration. Nucleus: The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. Organelle: One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cell: A type of cell lacking a membrane -enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Pseudopodium: A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.