Download genetics, dna replication, protein synthesis, biotechnology

Genetics, DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis,
Biotechnology
Genetics
1. When a strain of fruit flies homozygous for light body color is crossed with a strain of fruit flies homozygous for
dark body color, all of the offspring have light body color. This illustrates the principle of
a. Segregation
b. Dominance
c. Incomplete dominance
d. Independent assortment
2. For a given trait, the two genes of an allelic pair are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is
said to be
a. Homozygous for that trait
b. Heterozygous for hat trait
c. Recessive for that trait
d. Pure for that trait
3. Curly hair in humans, white fur in guinea pigs, and needle like spines in cacti all partly describe each organisms
a. Alleles
b. Autosomes
c. Chromosomes
d. Phenotype
4. The appearance of a recessive trait in offspring of animals most probably indicates that
a. Both parents carried at least one recessive gene for that trait
b. One parent was homozygous dominant and the other parent was homozygous recessive for that trait
c. Neither parent carried a recessive gene for that trait
d. One parent was homozygous dominant and the other parent was hybrid for that trait
5. In cabbage butterflies, white color (W) is dominant and yellow color (w) is recessive. If a pure white cabbage
butterfly mates with a yellow cabbage butterfly, all the resulting (F1) butterflies are heterozygous white. Which
cross represents the genotype of the parent generation?
a. Ww x ww
b. WW x Ww
c. WW x ww
d. Ww x Ww
6. Polydactyly is a human characteristic in which a person has six fingers per hand. The trait for polydactyly is
dominant over the trait for five fingers. If a man who is heterozygous for this trait marries a woman with the
normal number of fingers, what are the chances that their child would be poydactyl?
a. 0%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
7. The offspring of a mating between two heterozygous black guinea pigs would probably show a genotype ratio of
a. 1 BB : 2 Bb : 1 bb
b. 3 Bb : 1 bb
c. 2 BB : 2 bb
d. 2 BB : 1 Bb : 1 bb
8. When pure white and pure red flowers are crossed, all the offspring are pink. The phenotype of the offspring
illustrates the pattern of inheritance known as
a. Dominance
b. Segregation
c. Incomplete dominance
d. Multiple alleles
9. Two parents, both heterozygous for blood type A, produce a child. What are the chances that the child has
blood type A?
a. 1 out of 4
b. 1 out of 2
c. 3 out of 4
d. 1 out of 1
10. If a color-blind man marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness, it is most probable that
a. All of their sons will have normal color vision
b. Half of their sons will be color-blind
c. All of their sons will be color-blind
d. None of their children will have normal color vision
Mutations
11. Which terms best describe most mutations?
a. Dominant and disadvantageous to the organism
b. Recessive and disadvantageous to the organism
c. Recessive and advantageous to the organism
d. Dominant and advantageous to the organism
12. The failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes ot separate during meiotic cell division is called
a. Nondisjunction
b. Translocation
c. Addition
d. Deletion
13. A type of chromosomal alteration in which a piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost is called
a. Addition
b. Polyploidy
c. Deletion
d. Translocation
14. Which technique can be used to examine the chromosomes of a fetus for possible genetic defects?
a. Pedigree analysis
b. Analysis of fetal urine
c. Karyotyping
d. Cleavage
15. Plant and animal breeders usually sell or destroy undesirable specimens and use only desirable ones for
breeding. This practice is referred to as
a. Vegetative propagation
b. Artificial selection
c. Natural breeding
d. Random mating
DNA
16. DNA and RNA molecules are similar in that they both contain
a. Nucleotides
b. A double helix
c. Deoxyribose sugars
d. Thymine
17. Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures?
a. DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base,
b. Nucleotide, chromosome, nitrogenous base, nucleus, DNA
c. Nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base
18. Which substances are components of a DNA nucleotide?
a. Phosphate, deoxyribose, and uracil
b. Phosphate, ribose, and adenine
c. Thymine, deoxyribose, and phosphate
d. Ribose, phosphate, and uracil
For the following four questions, select the type of nucleic acid from the list below that is best described by the
phrase.
19. Genetic material responsible for the individuality of an organism, that is passed from parent to offspring
a. I
b. II
c. III
20. Carries genetic information from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes
a. I
b. II
c. III
21. Contains thymine instead of uracil
a. I
b. II
c. III
22. Carries amino acid molecules to the ribosomes
a. I
b. II
c. III
23. The genetic code for one amino acid molecule consists of
a. Five sugar molecules
b. Two phosphates three nucleotides
c. Four hydrogen bonds
24. Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a. DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand
b. DNA is unwound
c. Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d. Chromosomes condense
25. Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur?
a. DNA helicase
b. DNA ligase
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c. DNA polymerase
d. All of these
The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made of
a. Phosphates
b. Phosphates and sugar
c. Sugar and bases
d. Bases
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule?
a. Twisted
b. Antiparallel
c. Bonding
d. Alternating
The enzymes that break hydrogen bonds and unwind DNA are:
a. Primers
b. Forks
c. Helicases
d. Polymerases
DNA replication results in:
a. 2 completely new DNA molecules
b. 2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original
c. 1 new DNA molecule, 1 old DNA molecule is conserved
d. 1 new molecule of RNA
During replication, what enzyme adds complimentary bases?
a. Helicase
b. Synthesase
c. Replicase
d. Polymerase
A DNA strand has the following bases: A A G C C A. What are the bases on its complimentary strand?
a. A A G C C A
b. U U C G G U
c. A C C G A A
d. T T C G G T
During the replication of a DNA molecules, separation or “unzipping” of the DNA molecule will normally occur
when hydrogen bonds are broken between
a. Thymine and thymine
b. Guanine and uracil
c. Adenine and cytosine
d. Cytosine and guanine
The replication of a double-stranded DNA molecule begins when the strands separate at the
a. Phosphate bonds
b. Ribose molecules
c. Deoxyribose molecules
d. Hydrogen bonds
Transcription
34. Transcription results in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
An amino acid chain
Messenger RNA
Complementary DNA
Okazaki fragments
Protein Synthesis/Translation
35. How many different amino acids are there?
a. 3
b. 12
c. 20
d. 100
36. A stretch of chromosome that codes for a trait can be called a(n):
a. Chromatid
b. Replication fork
c. Gene
d. Base-pair
37. In RNA, _____ codon(s) translate to ______ amino acid(s).
a. 1, 1
b. 1, 3
c. 3, 1
d. 3, 3
38. Translation begins
a. At the replication fork
b. On the lagging strand
c. At the start codon
d. In the nucleus
39. RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called ______, which utilizes the enzyme _______
a. Translation, RNA polymerase
b. Transcription, DNA polymerase
c. Transcription, RNA polymerase
d. Replication, DNA polymerase
40. Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of translation?
a. Anticodon
b. mRNA
c. Ligase
d. Amino acid
41. Amino acids are joined together into a protein chain by which of the following?
a. Transfer RNA
b. DNA polymerase
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Messenger RNA
42. Which site of the tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA molecule?
a. Anticodon
b. Codon
c. Amino acid
d. 5 prime end
Biotechnology
43. The formation of recombinant DNA results from the
a. Addition of messenger RNA molecules to an organism
b. Transfer of genes from one organism to another
c. Substitution of a ribose sugar for a deoxyribose sugar
d. Production of a polyploidy condition by a mutagenic agent
44. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?
a. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.
b. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.
c. The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
d. Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.
Label the following diagram and describe the processes in the lines provided.
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