Download BIOLOGY 2013-‐2014 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

BIOLOGY 2013-­‐2014 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ***I am able to complete the following for each chapter section.*** CHAPTER 9 9.1 •
List the 2 types of reproduction •
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Explain the difference between chromatin and chromosomes Name the phase where the cell spends most of its time Describe how the cell cycle progresses •
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State what occurs during all phases of mitosis Draw examples of animal cells during mitosis Explain what a cell plate does and where it would be found •
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Explain how cancer may form List 2 therapies in cancer treatment •
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Name the type of cell where meiosis occurs Define homologous chromosome State at least 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis Explain why the 23rd pair is different in human chromosomes Draw examples of animal cells during meiosis •
Explain crossing over 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 CHAPTER 10 10.1 •
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Explain the difference between a character and a trait Name the reasons pea plants were used during Mendel’s experiments •
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Define monohybrid cross If there are two different letters, tell what that means Give an example of homozygous and heterozygous Determine dominance or recessiveness Be able to determine phenotype and genotype Perform a monohybrid cross Perform a dihybrid cross Show genotypic and phenotypic ratios 10.2 10.3 •
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Give an example of a multiple allele Perform a monohybrid cross that shows incomplete dominance (refer to SpongeBob worksheets) •
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Explain how genes can be linked based on where they’re located on the chromosome Define crossing over •
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Perform a monohybrid cross with a sex-­‐linked trait Explain why more males are afflicted with sex-­‐linked diseases 10.4 10.5 CHAPTER 11 11.1 •
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Know where DNA is found Explain the differences between Griffith’s, Avery’s, and Hershey and Chase’s experiments •
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Name DNA What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? Name the purines. What are their structure? Name the pyrimidines. What are their structure? DNA is found in what shape? Know how to list complementary base pairs 11.2 11.3 Explain what occurs when you replicate DNA’s double helix • What is a template? •
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What is a genotype? What is phenotype? Explain how you translate DNA to DNA2, mRNA, the amino acid, and tRNA How are the mRNA nitrogenous bases different from the DNA’s nitrogenous bases? Explain TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION, TRANSPORTATION What is a codon? Anticodon? Write the DNA2 for ATCGCCGATTTACCG •
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What does mRNA do? Name the complement for mRNA •
Define genome 11.5 CHAPTER 12 12.1 12.2 •
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Name the disease the occurs on the 21st pair for human chromosomes List at least 3 instances where a chromosome sequence may become damaged •
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Define pedigree Draw and label a human pedigree for a particular trait State what each symbol represents Name 2 sex-­‐linked diseases •
Review notes 12.3 12.4 CHAPTER 14 14.1 •
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Name the father of evolution Define evolution Define adaptation •
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Define fossil Explain the fossil record Define homologous structures Define vestigial structures Explain why embryonic development is related to evolution •
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Define population Explain natural selection and survival of the fittest (use pesticide as an example) •
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Explain natural selection and sickle cell anemia Explain why antibiotics become useless after some time in certain people 14.2 14.3 14.5 CHAPTER 15 15.1 •
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Name 3 reproductive barriers Define punctuated equilibrium •
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Define taxonomy Explain why our naming system is binomial List KPCOFGS 15.4