Download Biology Spring Semester Review

PRE-AP BIOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
EXAM REVIEW 2013
Chapter 1 – Experimental design
1. Be able to recognize the control, constants, dependent, and independent variable in a controlled experiment.
2. Be able to formulate a conclusion based on analysis of data.
3. Be able to read and analyze a graph.
Chapter 3 & 4
1. What is a symbiotic relationship?
2. Define parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
3. Energy flows from the __________ to __________________ then to ___________________
4. What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
5. Draw a four trophic level food chain. Label the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and decomposer.
6. If there is 100 kCal of energy available at the 2nd trophic level, how much is available at the 4th level?
7. What would happen to each level of the food chain if the population of the 3rd trophic level doubled?
8. Draw an ecological pyramid with four trophic levels.
9. Which trophic level would have the largest number of individuals?
Pre-AP BRM pages 61-68: Living Together, Making a Food Chain, Creating a Food Web, Antarctic Food Web, Biome Chart
Chapter 8 & 9 – Energy in a cell
1. What is the goal of photosynthesis?
2. Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis. Label the reactants and the products.
3. Why do leaves appear green? Use the terms absorption and reflection in your answer.
4. What is the goal of cellular respiration?
5. Write the balanced equation for aerobic respiration. Label the reactants and the products.
6. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
7. Draw and label the energy flow diagram (The BIG picture).
8. Describe the ATP/ADP cycle.
Pre-AP BRM Pages 69-76: Photosynthesis Modeling, Absorption of Chlorophyll, Stomata Activity, Respiration Modeling, Yeast
Respiration Lab, Cycles of Matter, Flow of Energy and Matter Review
Chapter 12 - DNA
1. Write the central dogma of molecular biology.
2. What is a gene?
3. What is the subunit that makes up a nucleic acid?
4. What is the subunit that makes up a protein?
5. What are the three components that make up a nucleotide? Draw and describe the arrangement of each in the DNA
double helix.
6. State the base pairing rules. What type of bond holds 2 nitrogen bases together?
7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA.
8. Describe the process of DNA replication.
9. List the 3 types of RNA, each ones function, and where each one is located in the cell.
10. Describe the process of transcription. What are the molecules involved?
11. Describe the process of translation. What are the molecules involved?
12. Define codon and anticodon.
13. Define mutation and differentiate between frame shift and point mutations.
14. Use the following mRNA strand to answer each question- AUG UGG CAC AUU AUC UAA
A. Write the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand was made.
B. Write the anticodons for the codons in the above mRNA.
C. Use your codon chart to write the amino acid sequence that the above mRNA codes for.
Pre-AP BRM Pages 77-91: Protein Bead Activity, Proteins and Traits, Break the Code, Historical Perspectives, DNA v. RNA,
Transcription Coloring, Protein Synthesis, Translation Coloring, Mutations, Gene Expression, Central Dogma Study Guide
Chapter 10 & 11 – Cell reproduction
1. Describe the structure of a non-replicated chromosome.
2. Draw a replicated chromosome. Label the sister chromatids, centromere, and at least two genes.
3. Compare and contrast haploid and diploid cells.
4. Are homologous chromosomes identical or not? Explain completely.
5. Describe the end result of meiosis I and II.
6. Complete the following table:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Chromosome # of parent cell
diploid
# of daughter cells
Chromosome # of daughter cell
haploid
Genetic content of daughter cell
identical
7. Compare and contrast meiosis in males & females
8. Explain how meiosis results in variation.
Pre-AP BRM Pages 92-97: What DNA Looks Like, Haploid v. Diploid, Marshmallow Meiosis, Comparing Meiosis in Males and
Females, Cell Division Study Guide
Chapter 11, 12, & 13 – Heredity
1. Define allele, dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype, homozygous, and heterozygous.
2. Work a Punnett square to predict the outcome of a monohybrid cross, give genotypic & phenotypic ratios of offspring.
3. Predict the genotypes of parents based on the phenotype of the offspring.
4. A homozygous black and a homozygous white dog are crossed. Describe the phenotype of the offspring if the mode of
inheritance is: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
5. Be able to use a Punnett Square to predict the outcome of a cross involving incomplete dominance, codominance,
multiple alleles (blood typing problems), and sex-linked inheritance. Describe polygenic inheritance.
6. How do you symbolize a male on a pedigree? A female? A marriage? An offspring?
7. Be able to analyze a pedigree to determine the pattern of inheritance, ie. autosomal dominance, autosomal recessive
and sex-linked traits.
8. Be able to analyze a karyotype to determine chromosomal disorders and the sex of an offspring.
9. What is the condition called when you only have one of a particular chromosome?
10. What is the condition called when you have three of a particular chromosome?
11. What sex chromosomes will a male have? A female?
12. Review your data from the Sickle Cell Anemia Lab Report. What is a restriction enzyme? Which one was used for the
experiment? How can you determine the genotypes of an individual who is normal, a carrier, and inflicted with sickle
cell anemia based on agarose gel electrophoresis?
Pre-AP BRM Pages 98-113: Phenotypes & Genotypes, Kara & Phil, Cooperative Monohybrid Problems, Individual Monohybrid,
Dihybrid & Non-Mendelian Problems, Genetic Disorders Chart, Karyotypes, Interpreting Information in a Pedigree, Alcaptonuria
Lab, DNA Fingerprinting, Heredity Review Sheet
Chapters 15, 16, 17, & 33 - Evolution
1. Review the Geological Time Scale. Trace the order of emergence of all the kingdoms from their ancestral cell.
2. What is a fossil? Explain how fossils are dated using radioisotopes and determine half-life.
3. Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection (five principles). Define the terms variation,
overproduction, competition, and natural selection
4. What is an adaptation?
5. Describe how populations (not individuals) are affected by natural selection.
6. Evaluate the evidence for evolution (i.e. homologous, vestigial, embryological, molecular, geographical…)
7. Be familiar with the major characteristics of each class of vertebrates.
8. Trace the evolutionary advancements of vertebrates. (circulation, reproduction, water retention, etc.)
9. Be familiar with pig structures and functions (pig dissection)
10. Know the function of each of the vertebrate organs and systems.
Pre-AP BRM Pages 114-130: Fossil Dating, Geologic Time Scale, How Do Human Genes Compare, Natural Selection Simulation,
Natural Selection WS, Evolutionary History of the Vertebrates, Evolution Study Guide, Fetal Pig Dissection, Organs and Systems
Chart