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1.7 SBI 3U/E - Genetics Unit test Topics Introduction What are the three basic concepts of cell theory? What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 3.1 Principles of Cell division Why do cells divide? What are the benefits of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? 3.2 The Cell Cycle What is the importance of interphase? What is DNA called during interphase? What are the stages of mitosis? 3.3 A Cell Clock and 5.6 DNA Structure Know the structure of DNA (antiparallel, complementary base pairing etc) What three chemical compounds make up DNA? What are the complementary pairs and how many hydrogen bonds are between them? 3.5 Cancer What is cancer? What are cancer cells and how are they different from normal cells? What causes a mutation to occur? What are antioxidants? 3.6 Meiosis Where does meiosis occur? Stages of meiosis (be able to draw stages if asked) How is crossing over different from independent assortment? When meiosis occurs in females, the cytoplasm is not divided equally among the resulting four cells. Explain why. 3.7 Comparing Mitosis to Meiosis What are the similarities and differences? 3.8 Reproduction and Cell Division Compare the key similarities and differences between spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. 3.9 Abnormal Meiosis – Nondisjunction trisomy and monosomy What are characteristics (extra or missing chromosome / sex chromosome or autosome chromosome) of Turner syndrome, Down syndrome and Klinefelter’ syndrome? Be able to draw a nondisjunction diagram of the sex cells. What is a karyotype charts? Example of Terminology to Know Adenine Autosome chromosome Cell cycle Centromere Chromatin Chromosome Complementary bases Crossing over Cytokinesis Cytosine Diploid disorders DNA Eukaryotic Gametes Gametogenesis Gene Guanine Haploid Homologous chromosomes Induced mutations Karyotype Klinefelter syndrome Locus Maternal Meiosis Metastasis Mitosis Monosomy Nitrogenous Bases non-disjunction Nucleotide Oocytes Ootid Paternal Polar bodies Prokaryotic Purine Pyrimidine Sex Chromosome spermatocytes Sister Chromatid Spermatogonium Spindle fibres Spontaneous mutations Synapsis Tetrad Thermophiles Thymine Trisomy Turner syndrome ultrasound Zygote