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Meiosis E.Q.: What is the purpose of Meiosis? What are the sources of variation in a population? Definition: A type of cell division that only certain cells in the gonads of multicellular organism undergo to produce gametes (sex cells) In the process of Meiosis, PMAT happens twice - 1st = reduce the amount of chromosomes (cut in half) - 2nd = divide into gametes MEIOSIS IS THE FIRST STEP OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION!!! Fertilization is the event when the sperm meets the egg. - Creates a single cell called a zygote. Purpose of Meiosis: 1. To create gametes that have ½ the genetic information as the parent. 2. In INCREASE VARIATION in a population. 1 Why is variation necessary? 1. To increase the chance of an individual’s survival and, therefore, whole populations of that species. 2. Create challenges for natural predators of that species. Sources of Variation: 1. Recombinant DNA = DNA in sperm + DNA in egg = new combination of DNA in zygote 2. Crossing over = an event that take place in meiosis during Prophase I where homologous chromosome “gene swap.” - Homologous chromosomes (homologues) = A pair of chromosomes that contain the same genetic information. o One from mom; one from dad = homologous pair. 3. Mutation = Changes in nucleotide (base) sequence. - Can affect one gene; therefore, the production of one protein. - Can affect a whole chromosome (many genes); therefore, the development of an organism. 2 3