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Unit 2 Key Terms Medical Interventions Amniocentesis Anneal Carrier screening Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Denaturation Gene Genetic counseling Genetic testing Genome Genotype Karyotype Newborn screening Phenotype Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Primer Restriction enzyme Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Supernatant Taq polymerase A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus To be capable of combining with complementary nucleic acid by a process of heating and cooling Indiscriminate examination of members of a population to detect heterozygotes for serious disorders A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a sample of the fetal portion of the placenta In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA A process of communication that deals with the occurrence or risk that a genetic disorder will occur in a family The use of methods to determine if someone has a genetic disorder, will develop one, or is a carrier The complement of an organism’s genes; an organisms genetic material The genetic makeup of an organism A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape The analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent mental retardation, disability or death The physical and physiological traits of an organism A technique that involves copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies in a short period of time In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus A short piece of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a section of template strand and acts as an attachment and starting point for the synthesis strand during DNA replication A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA. One base-pair variation in the genome sequence The (usually) clear liquid left behind after a precipitate has been spun down to the bottom of a vessel by centrifugation A DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high Thermal cycler Ultrasonography Cloning Gene therapy In Vitro Fertilization Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Sex selection Vector temperatures of PCR An instrument that automatically cycles through different temperatures used to complete PCR reactions A noninvasive technique involving the formation of a twodimensional image used for the examination and measurement of internal body structures and the detection of bodily abnormalities Using a somatic or body cell from a multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical individuals The alteration of the genes of a person afflicted with a genetic disease A procedure in which gametes are fertilized in a dish in the laboratory, and the resulting zygote is implanted in the uterus for development In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus Methods used to predetermine or diagnose the sex of an embryo for the purpose of selecting only those embryos of a particular sex for transplanting to the uterus of a woman An agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism