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Biology: Protein Synthesis Notes
Name
Per.
Essential Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the monomer of a protein.
Review
• The monomer of a protein:
•
•
•
•
•
A protein and its function is determined by:
What’s another word for phenotype?
Which macromolecule does the phenotype describe?
Which macromolecule does the genotype describe?
Which macromolecule does variation describe?
Functions of Proteins
A.
1. keratin: _______________________________; makes
2. connective tissue: makes
3. myosin:
B. Other protein functions
1. Enzyme:
2.
3. hormones:
4. hemoglobin in __________ binds to and carry ____________
5. _____________ cells make _______________________ &
How do cells know which proteins to make and how to do it?
Information comes from
A.
Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA
monomer:
B.
C.
A. DNA molecule (a.k.a.
1. sugar:
2. nitrogen bases & pairings:
a. purines:
b. purimidines:
3. # of strands:
4. location:
):
Example Problem 1. Write out the complementary DNA bases for the DNA strand:
DNA #1: A A C G T G C A T T G A C G G
DNA #2: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
B. RNA molecule:
1. sugar:
2. nitrogen bases & pairings:
3. # of strands:
4. location: starts in
Types of RNA
1.
; used in
RNA (
):
a. transcription:
b. translation:
Example Problem 2. ___________________: Write out the complementary mRNA bases for the DNA strand.
DNA #1: A A C
mRNA: __ __ __
G T G
C A T
T G A C G G
__ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __
codon:
amino acid:
2.
RNA (
):
3.
RNA (
):
Example Problem 3. ________________: Write out the complementary tRNA bases from the previous mRNA
strand.
mRNA codon: U U G
C A C
G U A
A C U
G C C
anticodon:
tRNA anticodon: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
amino acid:
Proof
We look the way we do because _____________ build the _____________ which become our __________.
______________________ makes _________________.
____________ tells _____________ which __________________ to make.
Therefore, __________ determines
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: __________ → __________ → __________ → __________
.
Stages of Protein Synthesis
A. Transcription takes place in the
; purpose is to
RNA polymerase
1. initiation:
2. elongation:
3. termination:
RNA processing:
a. adds
b. splicing:
B. Translation takes place in the
; purpose is to
tRNA charging:
1. initiation:
2. elongation:
a.
b.
c.
3. termination:
1.
2.
6
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mutation:
A. Sources
1. mistakes during
2.
B. Types of Mutations
1. Point mutations:
a. point missense mutation:
b. silent mutation:
c. point nonsense mutation:
2. Framshift mutations:
a.