* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 11.3 Other Patterns of Inheritance
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Long non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Essential gene wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Sex-limited genes wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
11.3 Other Patterns of Inheritance Beyond Simple Dominance • Not all genes show simple patterns simple patterns of inheritance • Most genes have more than two alleles or are controlled by more than one gene Incomplete Dominance • Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive • In complete dominance, neither allele is dominant • The heterozygous phenotype lies somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes • The heterozygous genotype yields a mixed phenotype Codominance • Phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed • Many human genes are codominant, including blood types • The heterozygous genotype yields BOTH phenotypes Multiple Alleles • Many genes exist in several different forms and are therefore said to have multiples alleles • A genes that have more than two alleles is said to have multiple alleles • An individual has only two copies of each gene, but more than two exist in a population • EX: Rabbit fur color, human blood types Polygenic Traits • Many traits are produced by the interaction of several genes • Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be polygenic (many genes) traits • Often show a wide range of phenotypes • Four+ genes control human skin color Genes and the Environment • Environmental conditions can effect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits • Phenotype is determined by genes + environment Genes and the Environment • Examples: Gene or Environment? –A blue eyed girl is born to two blue eyed parents –A pair of twins is separated at birth. They grow up in different countries and speak different languages. –A kitten is born with six toes.