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The Nervous System Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D. Learning Outcomes • Outline the basic anatomy of the nervous system • Understand anatomical divisions: – Central nervous system – Peripheral nervous system • Understand functional divisions: – Somatic nervous system – Autonomic nervous system • Explain the functions of the major structures of the nervous system Question Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system? A. Brain B. Spinal nerves C. Spinal cord D. Cranial nerves Senteo Question E. B and D To set the properties right click and select Senteo Question Object->Properties... Anatomical divisions CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CRANIAL NERVES To & from brain SPINAL NERVES To & from spinal cord The nervous system brain spinal cord peripheral nerves Role of the nervous system • To monitor the internal and external environment of the body • To process this information • To direct behaviour and body processes Question The skeletal muscles belong to the: A. SNS B. ANS C. CNS D. I have no idea Senteo Question To set the properties right click and select Senteo Question Object->Properties... Functional divisions Somatic nervous system: voluntary, controls skeletal muscle Autonomic nervous system: involuntary, controls smooth muscle Neurons Synaptic Junction Glial Cell: Astrocyte - Provides Transport of Nutrients to Neuron – Shields Toxins Excitatory/Inhibitory Types of Neurons Meningeal Linings of Brain Features of the PNS (1) peripheral nerve • Structure of a peripheral nerve epineurium perineurium nerve fibre • Bundles of axons packaged together endoneurium myelin sheath axon • Carry motor, sensory and autonomic info Features of the PNS (2) Nerve Afferent Efferent Ganglion Features of the PNS (3) Matter grey matter white matter Brain cerebral hemisphere cerebellum brainstem View from Below Lobes touch, pain, temperature sensation planning, emotion, mood, behaviour, motor function, smell vision balance, coordination hearing, language, memory basic body functions Brain Meninges Brain Ventricles Produce and contain CSF CSF circulates to subarachnoid space Spinal Cord Spinal Cord a = ganglion vertebral body nerve root intervertebral foramen spinal cord a Neurons Ventricles Cerebral Cortex Brodmann Map Motor Strip Limbic System MRI Cerebral Cortex Functional Divisions Display Basal Ganglia Limbic System Brainstem Brainstem Midbrain Cranial Nerves • I-Olfactory, II-Optic, III-Oculomotor, IVTrochlear, V-Trigeminal, VI-Abducens, VIIFacial, VIII-Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear), IX-Glossophrayngeal, X-Vagus, XI-Spinal Accessory, XII-Hypoglossal • On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some (A) Hop(s) • Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bucks Makes Money Cranial Nerve SM B Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage I Olfactory S Smell Mucosa of nose Anosmia II Optic S Vision Retina of eye Blindness III Oculomotor M Eye Eye muscles movement (elevation, adduction) Eye deviates down & out Pupillary/accommodati on reflexes absent IV Trochlear M Eye movement Diplopia, lateral deviation of eye Eye muscle Cranial Nerve S M B Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage V Trigeminal B Facial sensation Mastication Sensory: Cutaneous senses of face, eyes, scalp, nasal mucosa, teeth, and anterior 2/3rd of tongue Motor: mastication Facial aneasthesia Loss of pain sensation Weakness/loss of mastication VI Abducens M Eye movement (abduction) Eye muscle Medial eye deviation VII Facial B Facial expresssion Taste Salivation Lacrimation Motor: Muscles of facial expression and scalp Sensory: Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue Paralysis of facial nerve muscles Loss of taste (anterior 2/3rds of tongue) Dry mouth, loss of lacrimation VIII Auditory/Ves tibular S Balance Hearing Semicircular canals and utricle and saccule Cochlea Vertigo, dysequilibrium, nystagmus Hearing loss Cranial Nerve S M B IX Glossophary ngeal B Taste Salivation Innervation of pharynx Sensory: Posterior 1/3rd of tongue Motor: Mucosa and elevator muscles of pharynx and parotid gland Loss of taste (posterior 1/3rd of tongue) Insignificant Loss of gag reflex X Vagus B Swallowing & talking Cardiac, GI tract, respiration Taste Motor: Palatal muscles, pharyngeal constrictors, vocal cords Sensory: Taste sensation to epiglottis Dysphagia & hoarseness of voice Loss of cough reflex (larynx/pharynx), loss of taste (hard palate) XI Spinal accessory M Pharynx/lary nx muscles Neck & shoulder movement Laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles Head rotation and shoulder shrugging Head turning/shoulder shrugging weakness M Tongue movement Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue Atrophy of tongue muscles, deviation on protrusion, fasciculations XII Hypoglossal Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage Olfaction I Optic II Oculomotor III Trigeminal V VII Facial Nerve Auditory VIII Spinal Accessory XI • CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES: • c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve) c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm) • c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior) Patellar Reflex Anterior Spinothalmic Tract • Sense of light touch (sensory) Upper Motor Neuron Corticospinal Pathway Corticobulbar Pathway