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MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Big Idea 2 & 4/Topic 7 BIG IDEA 2 & 4 MAIN TOPICS Plasma Membrane Structure and Function Passive Transport Across a Membrane Active Transport Across a Membrane Modification of Cell Surfaces Essential Knowledge Big Idea 2: Energy - Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big Idea 4: Interactions - Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. Learning Outcomes Plasma Membrane Structure and Function Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes. Describe the nature of the fluid-mosaic as it relates to membrane structure. Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes. Explain why the plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability. Explain why phospholipids play such an important role in the structure of the cell membrane. Compare how cells transport polar and nonpolar molecules across a membrane. Passive Transport across a Membrane 2.B.1.b.1,4 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane, and explain why both osmosis and diffusion are passive processes. 2.B.2.a-c 2.B.3.a-b Describe the role of proteins in the movement of molecules across a membrane. 2.D.3.a 3.B.2.b 3.D.3.a-b Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane. 4.A.2.a-g Compare the energy requirements of passive and active transport, and explain why active transport requires energy. 4.B.2.a.1 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell, and summarize why a cell would use bulk transport rather than active transport. Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells. Contrast diffusion with facilitated transport. Active Transport across a Membrane Compare facilitated transport with active transport. Modification of Cell Surfaces Explain the role and describe the composition of the extracellular matrix in an animal cell. Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals, and explain why a cell would be connected by a tight junction, rather than a gap junction or an adhesion junction. Explain the role of plasmodesmata in plants. Charles Darwin Essential Questions: How does the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane allow for selective permeability? How do signaling pathways detect and respond to changes in a cell’s environment? How do membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells confer greater efficiency to cell processes? A cell is a complex structure, with its investing membrane, nucleus, and nucleolus. – Charles Darwin ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY Fluid-mosaic model Glycolipids Glycoproteins Channel proteins Carrier proteins Cell recognition proteins Receptor proteins Enzymatic proteins Junction proteins Selectively permeable Concentration gradient Bulk transport Diffusion CELL MEMBRANE Solution Solvent Osmois Osmotic pressure Isotonic solutions Hypotonic solutions Hemolysis Turgor pressure Hypertonic solutions Crenation Plasmolysis Facilitated transport Active transport Sodium-potassium pump Exocytosis Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Extracellular matrix Adhesion junctions Tight junction Gap junction Cell wall Plasmodesmata