Download Cell Structure - Red Hook Central Schools

The Cell
The basic unit of all living things
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Robert Hooke was the first to
name the cell (1665)
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The Cell Theory
• The cell is the unit of Structure of all
living things.
The cell is the unit of Function of all living
things.
All cells come from Pre-existing cells.
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Two Major Cell Types
Prokaryotic cells
– (Streptococcus,
E.coli, etc.) NO
NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic cells.
These include:
plants, animals,
fungi, protists
HAVE A
NUCLEUS
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ANIMAL CELL
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PLANT CELL
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CELL MEMBRANE
CELL MEMBRANE: All cells are covered by a cell
membrane; it regulates what comes in and goes
out of the cell .
Also Called the PLASMA MEMBRANE
Found in both plant and animal cells
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Cell Membrane also called the
Plasma Membrane
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CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm – jelly like substance that
fills cells; made of mostly
water; holds the organelles
Found in plant and animal cells
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NUCLEUS
Nucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is
the control center of the cell
Found in both plant and animal cells.
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RIBOSOME
Ribosome – the site where amino acids
are hooked together to make proteins
This is the site of Protein Synthesis
Found in both
plant and animal
cells
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ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
-found
in both plants and
animals
• System of Channels that
transport proteins in a cell. Some
reactions take place on the
surface
• Two types Rough-with Ribosomes
on them and Smooth- no
ribosomes on them
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GOLGI BODIES
Responsible for
labeling, sorting
and packaging
chemicals
(proteins) and
secreting
(releasing) them
from the cell
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VACUOLES
Vacuoles – store water and
other materials
Found in both plant and animal
cells
Plants have very large vacuoles.
Animals have small vacuoles
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Food Vacuole
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LYSOSOME
Lysosomes – digest food
particles, wastes, cell
parts and foreign
invaders. They have such
powerful enzymes they
can destroy a whole cell.
Example: Tadpole’s tail.
Found in animal cells
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Mitochondria – Makes Energy for Cell .
Energy is also called ATP
Site of Cellular Respiration
It takes in oxygen and glucose and releases
Carbon dioxide , water and ATP
Found in both plant and animal cells.
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Some Organelles are only
found in Plant Cells
•Do you know which ones?
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CELL WALL
Cell Wall – the cell wall gives
structure and support to the cell
membrane.
Only found in plant cells
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CHLOROPLASTS
All plant cells contain Chloroplasts. They are
the
organelle responsible for _photosynthesis_
which uses the sun to make glucose(sugar).
Chloroplasts are green due to a pigment
called chlorophyll.
Only found in plant cells
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There is one organelle found
only in Animal Cells….
• Can you name it?
The Centrioles
These are necessary for
Animal cell Division. Plants
manage without them.
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COMPARISON OF
ORGANELLES TO ORGAN
SYSTEMS
ORGANELLE
ORGAN
ORGAN
SYSTEM
NUCLEUS
BRAIN
CELL
MEMBRANE
LYSOSOME
LUNGS
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
RESPIRATOR
Y SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
CELL
MEMBRANE
STOMACH
KIDNEY
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LINKING HOW
ORGANELLES WORK
TOGETHER
• NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE RATE OF
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY RIBOSOMES
• CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES THE
PASSAGE OF OXYGEN INTO THE CELL
TO BE USED BY MITOCHONDRIA
• AFTER A LYSOSOME DIGESTS OLD
ORGANELLES THE CELL MEMBRANE
RELEASES THEM OUT OF THE CELL
• THE GOLGI BODY PRODUCES
LYSOSOMES WHICH ARE USED TO
DIGEST BACTERIA
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WRAP UP
1.
HEREDITARY INFORMATION IS
STORED INSIDE THE:
A. RIBOSOMES
B. NUCLEUS,
C. MITOCHONDRIA
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WRAP UP
2. DIAGRAM TO THE
RIGHT REPRESENTS:
A. A CHLOROPLAST
CARRYING OUT
RESPIRATION
B. A LYSOSOME
CARRYING OUT
PHAGOCYTOSIS
C. A
MITOCHONDRIA
CARRYING OUT
RESPIRATION
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WRAP UP
3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOR
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE
HUMAN BODY FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO
MOST COMPLEX ARE:
A. CELLS-->TISSUES-->ORGANS->SYSTEMS
B. SYSTEMS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES->CELLS
C. CELLS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES->SYSTEMS
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WRAP UP
4. STUDIES OF FAT CELLS AND THYROID
CELLS SHOW THAT FAT CELLS HAVE
FEWER MITOCHONDRIA THAN
THYROID CELLS. A BIOLOGIST
WOULD MOST LIKELY INFER THAT
FAT TISSUE:
A. HAS ENERGY REQIREMENTS
EQUAL TO THOSE OF THYROID
TISSUE
B. REQUIRES LESS ENERGY THAN
THYROID TISSUE
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C. REQUIRES MORE ENERGY THAN
THYROID TISSUE