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Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function
Sections 7-1 and 7-2
Life is Cellular and Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Name ______________________
Period _________
California State standard covered within this chapter:
Cell Biology
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in
specialized areas of the organism's cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know cells are enclosed within selectively permeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their
surroundings.
c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses
differ in complexity and general structure.
e. Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins.
f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar
from carbon dioxide.
g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by
completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.
*j. Students know how eukaryotic cells are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or
both.
Read the appropriate section in the textbook before answering the following questions. You must put all
answers and definitions in your own words for full credit.
Section 7-1 Life is Cellular
1. Describe the three principles of the cell theory.
2. Describe how a light microscope works. (revisit Ch. 1)
3. Describe how an electron microscope (EM) works.
4. What is the difference between a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron
microscope (TEM)?
Two Major Categories of Cells
5. How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ? (Must have at least 2 differences discussed)
J. Haut. Biology, 2009
6. What structures do all cells have?
7. Identify the labeled structures of the prokaryotic cell below and describe their function. (see Ch. 19
and lecture notes)
Structure
Function
a. capsule
helps to protect bacteria; allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and
other cells
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Section 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
8. Identify the labeled structures of the following animal cell and describe their function.
Structure
Function
b
a.
a
c
d
l
b.
k
e
j
c.
i
d.
f
g
h
e.
Structure
Function
Structure
f.
j.
g.
k. lysosome
h. transport vesicle
i.
Transports products from rough ER to cell membrane to
be released from cell; used to take in materials from
outside
l.
Function
9. What is chromatin and where in the cell is it found?
10. Describe the synthesis, packaging, and release of a secretory protein by the rough ER.
11. Identify the labeled structures of the following plant cell.
Structure
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h. cytoskeleton (microfilaments)
i.
j.
k.
m. Golgi vesicle
l.
n.
12. Plant cells have many of the same organelles as animal cells; however, they have some organelles
animal cells do not have. Describe the function of these plant organelles.
a. Central vacuole:
b. Cell wall (p. 183):
c. Chloroplast:
d. Plasmodesmata (channels between cells):
13. What is the function of a contractile vacuole?
14. What does photosynthesis accomplish?
15. What is cellular respiration?
16. What general function do the chloroplast and mitochondria have in common? How are their functions
different?
17. The endosymbiosis theory explains that mitochondria and chloroplasts once existed as separate
prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Over time the two formed a symbiotic
(mutually beneficial) relationship. (see p. 427) What evidence supports the theory that mitochondria
and chloroplasts evolved from free-floating prokaryotes?
a.
b.
18. cytoskeleton:
19. Describe the components of the cell’s cytoskeleton. How could each be used in the cell?
a. Microfilaments:
b. Microtubules:
20. In some eukaryotic cells, specialized microtubules are used to control the movement of cilia and
flagella. Describe the functional difference between cilia and flagella.
Review the nucleus and the various structures that make up the endomembrane system by matching each
of the phrases on the right with a structure from the list on the left. Answers may be used more than once.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
nucleus
transport vesicle
central vacuole
smooth ER
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
rough ER
ribosome
____ 21. lipids manufactured here
____ 22. small structures that are the site of protein
synthesis
____ 23. contains chromatin
____ 24. sac of enzymes that digest things
____ 25. carries secretions for export from cell
____ 26. breaks down drugs and toxins in liver
____ 27. makes cell membranes
____ 28. cell control center
____ 29. numerous ribosomes give it its name
____ 30. “ships” products to plasma membrane, outside,
or other organelles
____ 31. may store water, needed chemicals, wastes,
pigments in plant cell
____ 32. buds off from Golgi apparatus
____ 33. proteins made here for secretion from cell
____ 34. nonmembranous
organelle
____ 35. takes in transport
vesicles from ER and
modifies their contents
____ 36. digests food, wastes,
foreign substances
____ 37. surrounded by double
layer of membrane with
pores
____ 38. how proteins, other
substances get from ER
to Golgi apparatus