Download Senses - HumanAandP

BEYOND THE
5 SENSES
19 SENSES???
Science formally acknowledges that human
have at least 11 senses and some list 19 or
more.
• Input receptor which provides information
to the brain.
• 12 pairs of cranial nerves branching out
from the brain assist in this.
• Dependent on 6 senses, all which directly
have direct connections to the brain.
• Others utilize information in a different
manner
SENSES OF LIVING THINGS
• Senses are the
physiological methods of
perception.
• A system that consists of
a group of sensory cell
types that corresponds to
a particular group of
regions within the brain
where the signals are
received and interpreted.
• One commonly
recognized categorisation
for human senses is as
follows:
chemoreception;
photoreception;
mechanoreception;
thermoception.
• It is believed that all
human senses fit into one
of these four categories.
5 PRIMARY SENSES
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VISION
HEARING
TASTE
TOUCH
SMELL
SIGHT
• Uses visible radiant
energy from 380 nm to
750 nm.
• Separate senses for color
and brightness
• Connect to the pineal
gland for melatonin and
circadian rhythm
• 90% of our environmental
observations
HEARING
• Senses loudness and
pitch, and rhythm
• Mechanical in nature
• Infrasound vs ultrasound
= 20 vps to 20,000 vps
TOUCH
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Pressure
Shape
Temperature
Dryness vs
wetness
• Movement
TASTE
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Dryness
Metallicness
Temperature
Sweet
Salty
Sour
Bitter
Umami (savory)
Fatty acids? Calcium?
SMELL
• Hundreds of
different receptors
in the nasal cavity
of which the sense
of taste is
dependent.
KINESTHETIC GEOTROPIC
(Equilibrioception or
proprioception)
• The 6th sense in
science is actually
thought to be the
sense of balance (not
extrasensory).
• Angular momentum
• Linear acceleration
• Relative position
NOCICEPTION or PAIN
SENSATION
Pain receptors in skin,
joints, bones, and
internal organs.
Nociceptors are silent
receptors and do not
sense normal stimuli.
Merkel’s receptors.
• Uses separate sense
receptors from touch.
• Chemo pain slow vs
thermal or mechanical
events are faster.
• Sometime hard to
determine location i.e.
heart attack, sciatica
pain
REPETITIOUS MOVEMENT
• Vestibular or
repetitous movement
are learned motor of a
pattern nature are
stored in the premotor
cortex – a memory
bank for skilled motor
activities.
TEMPERATURE or
THERMOCEPTION
• Molecular motion – the
greater the heat energy, the
higher the temperature.
• Skin and hypothalamus
(regulated internal body
temperature)
• Heat = above body
temperature and cold below
body temperature
EIDETIC IMAGERY
• Neuroelectrical image
retention or
photographic
memory.
MAGNETIC OR
MAGNETOCEPTION
• Ferromagnetic
orientation gives
someone a good
sense of direction.
• Birds, bees, and
turtles with humans
vary in magnetite
deposits in brain
INFRARED
• Long electromagnetic
waves or heat waves
which are limited in
human.
SHORT ELECTORMAGNETIC
WAVES
• Ultraviolet waves
involved in such
things as suntan, or
sunburns.
IONIC
• Airborne ionic
charges which can
affect attitude and
accuracy.
VOMERONASAL
• Pheromonic sensing
or the influence of
phermones.
• Phermones are
chemical that triggers
a natural behavioral
response in another
member of the same
Pheromonic sensing
species.
PROXIMAL
• Physical closeness or
your personal space.
ELECTRICAL
• Surface charge such
as static electricity.
• Cell phones,
microwaves ovens,
and nearby high
voltage power lines.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
• Atmospheric pressure
and the influence on
behavior and pain on
joints.
GEOGRAVIMETRIC
• Sensing mass
differences or
estimating size.
TIME
• Circadian rhythms or
a sense of time.
• Jet lag
• Medication can
interfere with a sense
of time