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Understanding DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins James Watson & Francis Crick Erwin Chargaff A T C G nucleotide sugar very large linear molecules contain C, H, N, O, P made up of nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate and a N-base store genetic information, help to make proteins examples: DNA and RNA phosphate nitrogen base Nucleotides A. Sugar (deoxyribose) B. Phosphate Group C. Nitrogen Bases B A C Rules for Base Pairing: A. Cytosine (C G) Guanine B. Adenine = Thymine (A = T) the lines between the letters are hydrogen bonds What is the function of DNA? * stores genetic information Phosphate Nitrogen Bases Sugar C G A A T G Fun Facts If you wrote down all of the bases in one cell, you would fill a stack of 1,000 phone books with A's, T's, G's and C's Fun Facts If you unraveled all your chromosomes from all of your cells and laid out the DNA end to end, the strands would stretch from the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times. Understanding RNA Ribonucleic Acid Nucleotides A. Sugar (ribose) B. Phosphate Group C. Nitrogen Bases B A C Rules for Base Pairing: A. Cytosine (C G) Guanine B. Adenine = Uracil (A = U) Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine) What is the function of RNA? * helps to make protein Types of RNA A. Messenger (mRNA) B. Transfer (tRNA) C. Ribosomal (rRNA) Nitrogen Base Sugar (ribose) Phosphate Group Comparing DNA & RNA DNA Sugar is deoxyribose Sugar is ribose Adenine base is present Cytosine base is present RNA √ √ √ √ √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA Guanine base is present Thymine base is present Uracil base is present Shape is double helix DNA RNA √ √ √ √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA DNA Shape is single stranded Located in nucleus Located in cytoplasm Stores genetic information RNA √ √ √ √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA Functions in protein synthesis Composed of nucleotides Template for synthesis of proteins Transcribes the Template DNA RNA √ √ √ √ √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA DNA More than one type RNA √