Download DNA and RNA

Understanding DNA
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
James Watson & Francis Crick
Erwin Chargaff
A
T
C
G
nucleotide
sugar
very large linear molecules
contain C, H, N, O, P
made up of nucleotides
containing a sugar,
phosphate and a N-base
store genetic information,
help to make proteins
examples: DNA and RNA
phosphate
nitrogen
base
Nucleotides
A. Sugar (deoxyribose)
B. Phosphate Group
C. Nitrogen Bases
B
A
C
Rules for Base Pairing:
A.
Cytosine
(C
G)
Guanine
B.
Adenine = Thymine
(A = T)
the lines between the
letters are hydrogen bonds
What is the function of DNA?
* stores genetic information
Phosphate
Nitrogen Bases
Sugar
C
G
A
A
T
G
Fun Facts
If you wrote down all of the
bases in one cell, you would
fill a stack of 1,000 phone
books with A's, T's, G's and C's
Fun Facts
If you unraveled all your
chromosomes from all of
your cells and laid out the
DNA end to end, the strands
would stretch from the Earth to
the Moon about 6,000 times.
Understanding RNA
Ribonucleic
Acid
Nucleotides
A. Sugar (ribose)
B. Phosphate Group
C. Nitrogen Bases
B
A
C
Rules for Base Pairing:
A.
Cytosine
(C
G)
Guanine
B.
Adenine = Uracil
(A = U)
Notice that RNA has Uracil
(not thymine)
What is the function of RNA?
* helps to make protein
Types of RNA
A. Messenger (mRNA)
B. Transfer (tRNA)
C. Ribosomal (rRNA)
Nitrogen Base
Sugar
(ribose)
Phosphate Group
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA
Sugar is
deoxyribose
Sugar is
ribose
Adenine base
is present
Cytosine base
is present
RNA
√
√
√
√
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
Guanine base
is present
Thymine base
is present
Uracil base is
present
Shape is
double helix
DNA
RNA
√
√
√
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA
Shape is single
stranded
Located in
nucleus
Located in
cytoplasm
Stores genetic
information
RNA
√
√
√
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
Functions in
protein synthesis
Composed of
nucleotides
Template for
synthesis of
proteins
Transcribes the
Template
DNA
RNA
√
√
√
√
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA
More than one
type
RNA
√