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Inside the Cell
Unit 2: The Cell
• EUKARYOTES: organism
whose cells contain a
– Membrane-bound nucleus
– Other organelles
• PROKARYOTES: unicellular
organism that lacks a membranebound nucleus
• Lack other cell organelles
• Example: bacteria, blue-green algae
Organelle: cell component that
performs specific functions for
the cell
NUCLEUS
Function: controls what happens
within the cell
•“brain” of the cell
•Contains DNA which is usually
all tangled up (condensed) in the
form of CHROMATIN
•The nucleus is surrounded by
the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
which controls what enters and
leaves the nucleus
•“control center”
NUCLEOLUS: dark region inside
the nucleus
•Produces ribosomes
RIBOSOMES
•Function: synthesis of proteins
•Interprets code from RNA
•Found on ROUGH
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
•Also within cytoplasm
“factory machine”
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CYTOPLASM
Function: gives the cell
shape, holds organelles
Jelly like substance
liquid portion of cell; gives
the cell some shape
“factory floor”
LYSOSOME
*Function: Contains
enzymes that digest
excess or worn out cell
parts, food, or invaders
• waste disposal unit
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
•Function: delivery system for cell
•Folded membrane forming a network
of connected tubes
•Rough ER: studded with ribosomes,
transports proteins
•Smooth ER: has no ribosomes
VACUOLES
•Function: temporary
storage areas for food,
water, enzymes and
wastes
Special types:
•Contractile vacuole:
pumps out excess water in
single-celled water
dwelling organisms
•Central vacuole: large
vacuole found in plants,
used for water storage
GOLGI APPARATUS
•Function: Stores and
distributes materials into
vacuoles
•Stacked, flattened sacs
“assembly line”—
customization shop for
finishing touches before
leaving the factory
MITOCHONDRIA
“powerhouse” of cell
•Function: Releases energy
from food molecules (site of
cellular respiration, ATP
molecules made here)
•Has its own DNA (maternal
only)
•Found in both animal and plant
cells
•Cells that needs more energy
have more mitochondria
•Ex: muscles, growing cells,
areas of repair
CHLOROPLASTS
•Function: Site of
photosynthesis
•Found in plant cells (not
animal cells)
•Contains pigment called
chlorophyll
CYTOSKELETON
CYTOSKELETON
Function:
*Forms framework to help maintain shape
*Tiny rods that crisscross the cell
*May be microfilaments or microtubules
CILIA
•Hairlike projections that move
in waves
FLAGELLA
•Long tail-like projection that
moves in whip-like motion
Review the Parts
• http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html