Download Cell Unit Test Review

2017 Cell Unit Test Review
Explain the structure and
function of a unicellular
organism (specialization).
A unicellular organism is
made of one cell that is NOT
specialized. The one cell is
able to support all of the
needs of the organism.
• What is an organelle?
• Organelles are structures inside cells
that have specific functions.
• Examples: nucleus, ribosomes,
centrioles
• They are NOT alive. The smallest
living unit is a cell.
Define multicellular
organism, explain what
types of cells they have, and
how they are organized.
A multicellular organism is made up of several
different cells that are specialized. The structure
and function of the cells are different.
A group of cells working together form tissues,
which form organs, which form organ systems,
which form an organism.
Define eukaryote and
prokaryote.
Eukaryotes have cells that are larger, more
complicated, contain a nucleus, and membranebound organelles.
Prokaryotes have a single cell with a simple
design (no nucleus) = bacteria.
Compare and contrast plant
and animal cells.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
outer layer = cell wall
outer layer = cell membrane
also has cell membrane
chloroplasts
centrioles
large vacuole
small vacuoles
rectangular
circular shaped
autotrophic
heterotrophic
• What is the difference between
chlorophyll and chloroplasts?
• Chloroplasts are where
photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic
cells. Chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll, which is the green
photosynthetic pigment.
Identify the function of the following organelles:
A. nucleus
B. cell membrane
C. vacuole
D. lysosome
E. chloroplast
F. mitochondria
G. cell wall
H. ribosomes
organelle function
A. nucleus – controls cell’s activities (contains DNA)
B. cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves cell
C. vacuole – “storage bins”
D. lysosome – “clean up crew”
E. chloroplast - site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll)
F. mitochondria – produces energy
G. cell wall - support for plant , fungi, and bacterial cells;
made of cellulose
H. ribosomes – “protein factories”
Identify: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm, & outer layer
Identify: nucleus (6), mitochondria (2), ribosome (3), cytoplasm (7), & outer
layer (cell membrane)
Explain what a
selectively permeable
(semi-permeable)
cell membrane means.
A selectively permeable cell
membrane determines what
molecules are able to enter
and leave the cell.
Define diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement
of molecules from high to
low concentration.
Define osmosis.
Osmosis is the diffusion
(moves from high to low
concentration) of water
through a selectively
permeable cell membrane.
Define homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the ability of a cell
to maintain stable internal conditions
or environment. This is accomplished
by the cell membrane controlling what
enters and leaves the cell.
Explain what is happening in the
onion cells that are exposed to salt
water.
• Water is leaving the onion cells through the
process of osmosis because the cells are
exposed to salt water. Water moves from high
concentration to low concentration. The
cytoplasm and vacuoles lose water.
What is mitosis?
• mitosis- the nucleus divides and two new
nuclei (plural) form, each containing the same
number of chromosomes
• Identify the 3 main events of mitosis/cell
cycle.
3 main events of mitosis/cell cycle:
• 1. cell makes a copy of contents
• 2. cell equally divides contents of cells
• 3. separate to produce two identical daughter
cells
How many chromosomes do
human somatic (body) cells
have?
Human somatic (body) cells
have 46 chromosomes (23
pairs).
If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes
through mitosis:
a) How many cells will there be at the end?
b) How many chromosomes will each cell
have?
If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes
through mitosis:
a) How many cells will there be at the end?
2
b) How many chromosomes will each cell
have? 60 chromosomes per cell
• Explain the chemical equation for
photosynthesis in words.
• Identify where it occurs in the
cell.
• Identify the types of organisms
that perform photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water combine in the
presence of sunlight to produce glucose and
oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts.
Autotrophs are photosynthetic.
• Explain the chemical equation for cellular
respiration in words.
• Identify where it occurs in the cell.
• Identify organisms that perform cellular
respiration.
Glucose combines with oxygen to produce ATP
(energy). Waste products of carbon dioxide and
water are also released.
This process occurs in the mitochondria.
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs perform
cellular respiration to release energy from their
food.
Use a VENN diagram to
compare/contrast
photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
photosynthesis
produces:
food
oxygen
occurs in
chloroplasts
needs sun
autotrophs
cellular respiration
produces ATP
(energy) from food
almost
reverse
processes;
switches
reactants
and
products
produces carbon
dioxide and water
occurs in
mitochondria
autotrophs &
heterotrophs
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
chloroplast
6CO2 + 6H2O
sun C6H12O6 + 6O2
mitochondria
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP