* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download ORGANELLE STRUCTURE - Fall River Public Schools
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Microtubule wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
ORGANELLE STRUCTURE (what it is made of and/or what it looks like) -usually round Nucleus - most visible organelle in the cell - surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope - contains chromatin which consists of DNA and protein - contains the nucleolus Nuclear Envelope - surrounds the nucleus - is a double membrane - contains openings called nuclear pores which allow certain materials in and out of the nucleus - visible structure in the nucleus that looks like a nucleus in Nucleolus the nucleus - made of DNA and proteins called histones which help to Chromatin keep the DNA organized - located in the nucleus - the fluid material in which all organelles float around in the Cytosol cell - contains mostly water - consists of all organelles (except the nucleus) and cytosol Cytoplasm combined - is part of the cytoskeleton Centrosome - made of microtubules - in animal cells, consists of a pair of centrioles - in plant cells, structure is simpler and there are no centrioles - part of the cytoskeleton Centriole - consists of nine groups of fused (stuck together) (animal cells microtubules; each group has three microtubules only) - arranged perpendicular to one another to form the centrosome - a stack of membrane-bound vessicles Golgi - looks like a stack of “sloppy pancakes” - vesicles which contain enzymes Lysosomes FUNCTION (what it does) - controls all of the cell’s activities because it contains DNA which is the master plan for the whole organism - controls what enters and leaves the nucleus - produces ribosomes - because it is DNA, the chromatin is the reason the nucleus controls the activities of the cell - provides a place for cellular functions to occur ----- where microtubules are produced - involved in creating microtubules called spindle fibers in cell reproduction (mitosis) - two centrioles together form a centrosome which is involved in creating microtubules called spindle fibers in cell reproduction (mitosis) - involved in packaging proteins and sending them out for use by the organism - enzymes in the lysosome are used to break down food, old or damaged organelles, and old or damaged cells Peroxisome Cell Membrane Mitochondria Vacuoles Cell Wall (plant cells only) Chloroplast (plant cells only) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Cytoskeleton - a vesicle which contains the enzyme catalase - catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen - made of a phospholipid bilayer - contains membrane proteins called receptors, channels, and markers - has two membranes; the inner membrane has many folds called cristae - controls what enters and leaves the cell - functions as the source of energy for the cell (produces energy for the cell) - respiration occurs in the mitochondria on the inner membrane - a membrane-bound sac - used for storage of water, food, and wastes - in plant cells, large water-filled vacuoles provide turgor - larger in plant cells than in animal cells pressure which helps to support the plant - a rigid wall-like structure located outside the membrane in a - provides structure to support the cell plant cell - provides a protective barrier for the cell - made of cellulose - has a double outer membrane - photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts on the surface of - contains many stacks of coin-like structures called the thylakoids thylakoids which are covered with chlorophyll - stacks of thylakoids are called grana (singular =granum) - a network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules - has many functions, depending on the cell involved - is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane - some functions are: lipid and steroid hormone synthesis and the breakdown of toxins in liver cells - a network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules - proteins made on the ribosomes on the rough ER are - is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane packaged and transported throughout the cell - appears rough because it is covered with ribosomes - some proteins are transported to the Golgi - made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein - proteins are synthesized on the ribosomes - contains two parts called the large and small subunit - located free floating throughout the cytosol and also lining the rough ER - contains fine fibers called microfilaments made of the - primarily involved in cell motility protein actin - helps the cell maintain its shape - contains tube-like structures called microtubules make of the protein tubulin