Download ORGANELLE STRUCTURE - Fall River Public Schools

ORGANELLE
STRUCTURE
(what it is made of and/or what it looks like)
-usually round
Nucleus
- most visible organelle in the cell
- surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear
envelope
- contains chromatin which consists of DNA and protein
- contains the nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope - surrounds the nucleus
- is a double membrane
- contains openings called nuclear pores which allow certain
materials in and out of the nucleus
- visible structure in the nucleus that looks like a nucleus in
Nucleolus
the nucleus
- made of DNA and proteins called histones which help to
Chromatin
keep the DNA organized
- located in the nucleus
- the fluid material in which all organelles float around in the
Cytosol
cell
- contains mostly water
- consists of all organelles (except the nucleus) and cytosol
Cytoplasm
combined
- is part of the cytoskeleton
Centrosome
- made of microtubules
- in animal cells, consists of a pair of centrioles
- in plant cells, structure is simpler and there are no centrioles
- part of the cytoskeleton
Centriole
- consists of nine groups of fused (stuck together)
(animal cells
microtubules; each group has three microtubules
only)
- arranged perpendicular to one another to form the
centrosome
- a stack of membrane-bound vessicles
Golgi
- looks like a stack of “sloppy pancakes”
- vesicles which contain enzymes
Lysosomes
FUNCTION
(what it does)
- controls all of the cell’s activities because it contains DNA
which is the master plan for the whole organism
- controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
- produces ribosomes
- because it is DNA, the chromatin is the reason the nucleus
controls the activities of the cell
- provides a place for cellular functions to occur
----- where microtubules are produced
- involved in creating microtubules called spindle fibers in
cell reproduction (mitosis)
- two centrioles together form a centrosome which is
involved in creating microtubules called spindle fibers in
cell reproduction (mitosis)
- involved in packaging proteins and sending them out for
use by the organism
- enzymes in the lysosome are used to break down food, old
or damaged organelles, and old or damaged cells
Peroxisome
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Cell Wall
(plant cells only)
Chloroplast
(plant cells only)
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
- a vesicle which contains the enzyme catalase
- catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
- made of a phospholipid bilayer
- contains membrane proteins called receptors, channels, and
markers
- has two membranes; the inner membrane has many folds
called cristae
- controls what enters and leaves the cell
- functions as the source of energy for the cell (produces
energy for the cell)
- respiration occurs in the mitochondria on the inner
membrane
- a membrane-bound sac
- used for storage of water, food, and wastes
- in plant cells, large water-filled vacuoles provide turgor
- larger in plant cells than in animal cells
pressure which helps to support the plant
- a rigid wall-like structure located outside the membrane in a - provides structure to support the cell
plant cell
- provides a protective barrier for the cell
- made of cellulose
- has a double outer membrane
- photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts on the surface of
- contains many stacks of coin-like structures called
the thylakoids
thylakoids which are covered with chlorophyll
- stacks of thylakoids are called grana (singular =granum)
- a network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules
- has many functions, depending on the cell involved
- is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane
- some functions are: lipid and steroid hormone synthesis and
the breakdown of toxins in liver cells
- a network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules
- proteins made on the ribosomes on the rough ER are
- is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane
packaged and transported throughout the cell
- appears rough because it is covered with ribosomes
- some proteins are transported to the Golgi
- made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein
- proteins are synthesized on the ribosomes
- contains two parts called the large and small subunit
- located free floating throughout the cytosol and also lining
the rough ER
- contains fine fibers called microfilaments made of the
- primarily involved in cell motility
protein actin
- helps the cell maintain its shape
- contains tube-like structures called microtubules make of
the protein tubulin