Download DNA, Genes, and Proteins EOC Review Describe the chemical and

DNA, Genes, and Proteins EOC Review
1. Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA (e.g., DNA is a large polymer formed from
linked subunits of four kinds of nitrogen bases; genetic information is encoded in genes based on the
sequence of subunits; each DNA molecule in a cell forms a single chromosome) (Assess the concepts –
NOT memorization of nitrogen base pairs)
a. Read pages 291-295. Draw and label the parts of the DNA double helix (use figure 12-7 on p.
294)
b. What is the name of the sugar that is found in DNA?
c. What is a nucleotide?
d. What type of bond holds the DNA strands together?
2. Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an
organism.
a. Read p. 300-301.
b. What is a gene and what is it used for?
c. How does the structure of RNA compare to DNA?
d. What are the three types of RNA and what do they do?
e. Read page 306 and Memorize this: DNA  is made of genes  which are the instructions for
building Proteins Proteins build and control characteristics and traits.
3. Identify possible external causes (e.g., heat, radiation, certain chemicals) and effects of DNA
mutations (e.g., altered proteins which may affect chemical reactions and structural development)
a. Read p. 307-308
b. What is a Mutation?
c. What factors can cause mutations?
d. What are the different types of mutations and what is different about them?
e. Remember this?? DNA  is made of genes  which are the instructions for building Proteins
Proteins build and control characteristics and traits.
i. Explain how a DNA mutation could result in a change in a person’s physical
characteristics?
DNA, Genes, and Proteins Released Items Practice
The numbered statements below are the EOC objectives that the state has decided you must be able to meet
coming out of Biology I. I have included some sample released item questions from past EOC tests that go with
each objective. The purpose is to give you an opportunity to see the types of questions you will be seeing on
the EOC and the objectives they match.
1. Identify possible external causes (e.g., heat, radiation, certain chemicals) and effects of DNA mutations
(e.g., altered proteins which may affect chemical reactions and structural development)
A strand of DNA is exposed to intense heat. Which of these best describes
what will happen to the strand of DNA?
A) The chemical bonds of the DNA molecule will be broken.
B) More nitrogen base pairs will add on to the DNA molecule.
C) The chemical bonds of the DNA molecule will be strengthened.
D) The nitrogen base pairs in the DNA molecule will switch places.
Which of these best describes the initial change caused by a DNA mutation?
A) a change in the sequence of base pairs
B) a change in the production of enzymes
C) a change in the number of nucleosomes within a cell
D) a change in the number of hydrogen bonds between the bases
2. Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA (e.g., DNA is a large polymer formed from
linked subunits of four kinds of nitrogen bases; genetic information is encoded in genes based on the
sequence of subunits; each DNA molecule in a cell forms a single chromosome) (Assess the concepts –
NOT memorization of nitrogen base pairs)
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?
A) to code for proteins
B) to synthesize proteins
C) to separate the strands
D) to connect the base pairs
The chromosome structure in a cell accounts for genetic variation based on the
order of its
A) sugar groups
B) nitrogen bases
C) hydrogen bonds
D) phosphate groups
3. Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an
organism
Which of these shows the steps by which proteins are coded and synthesized?
A) RNA DNA protein
B) DNA RNA protein
C) protein RNA DNA
D) protein DNA RNA