Download RNA and Protein Synthesis Notes

RNA and Protein Synthesis
Why do we need RNA?
•DNA holds _______________
•RNA carries out the _______________ of making _______________
•_______________ determine our _______________
Structure of RNA
•Long _______________ of _______________
•3 main differences between DNA and RNA
•
–Sugar = _______________
–_______________-strand
–_______________ not _______________
Disposable _______________ of DNA
Types of RNA
•Messenger RNA (mRNA)
–Single chain, _______________
–Carries genetic info. from DNA in _______________ to
_______________
•Transfer RNA (tRNA)
–Single chain, 80 nucleotides long, _______________ shape
–Binds to specific _______________ _______________
–_______________varieties
•Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
–Most _______________
–_______________
–Makes up part of a _______________
Transcription
•Process by which genetic info can be _______________ from
_______________ to _______________
•Begins at the _______________
–Beginning of a _______________
•DNA molecule _______________ in that region
–Only one _______________ (the template) is used
•_______________ RNA nucleotides are _______________ to the newly
forming _______________ molecule
–Follows _______________ rules
•G-C
•A-U (Remember, no _______________ in RNA)
•Continues one _______________ at a time until a
______________________________ is reached
–Sequence of _______________ that marks the _______ of a ________
•Results in a transcript
–Moves through _______________ _______________ and into
_______________
–What structure will it proceed to if it is going to make a protein?
Protein Synthesis
•The 3 types of RNA work _______________ to form _______________
•Proteins are made up of a _______________ sequence of ___________
________ (AA)
–20 AA
•Use the mRNA _______________ to _______________ into an _____ sequence
•Works by using a sequence of _____ ______________ on the mRNA called a
_______________
–Ex: UCGCACGGU
•UCG - CAC - GGU
–AUG = _________codon (starts ____________ _____________)
–UGA, UAA, UAG = _______________ codons
Translation
•Begins when _______________ leaves _______________ through nuclear
pores
•mRNA moves to _______________
•Ribosome attaches to start _______________ on mRNA
–What is the start codon?
•Start codon pairs w/ _______________ on _______________
–Anticodon is _______________ to mRNA
•Ex:
codon = GAC anticodon = CUG
•Each tRNA molecule also contains an AA on the end
–First AA in every polypeptide is Methionine
–Why?
•Ribosome continues to move along the mRNA _______________
•Each AA bonds w/ the next AA
•Ribosome reaches a _______________ codon
•_______________ is _______________ from _______________
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
TAC-GGA-TCG-AGA-CAT-GAC-ATC
AUG-CCU-AGC-UCU-GUA-CUG-UAG
UAC-GGA-UCG-AGA-CAU-GAC-AUC
AA sequence
Methionine – Proline – Serine – Serine – Valine – Leucine - Stop
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
TAC-GCT-TAG-CAT-GAC-CCT-ATC
AA sequence