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RNA and Protein Synthesis Why do we need RNA? •DNA holds _______________ •RNA carries out the _______________ of making _______________ •_______________ determine our _______________ Structure of RNA •Long _______________ of _______________ •3 main differences between DNA and RNA • –Sugar = _______________ –_______________-strand –_______________ not _______________ Disposable _______________ of DNA Types of RNA •Messenger RNA (mRNA) –Single chain, _______________ –Carries genetic info. from DNA in _______________ to _______________ •Transfer RNA (tRNA) –Single chain, 80 nucleotides long, _______________ shape –Binds to specific _______________ _______________ –_______________varieties •Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) –Most _______________ –_______________ –Makes up part of a _______________ Transcription •Process by which genetic info can be _______________ from _______________ to _______________ •Begins at the _______________ –Beginning of a _______________ •DNA molecule _______________ in that region –Only one _______________ (the template) is used •_______________ RNA nucleotides are _______________ to the newly forming _______________ molecule –Follows _______________ rules •G-C •A-U (Remember, no _______________ in RNA) •Continues one _______________ at a time until a ______________________________ is reached –Sequence of _______________ that marks the _______ of a ________ •Results in a transcript –Moves through _______________ _______________ and into _______________ –What structure will it proceed to if it is going to make a protein? Protein Synthesis •The 3 types of RNA work _______________ to form _______________ •Proteins are made up of a _______________ sequence of ___________ ________ (AA) –20 AA •Use the mRNA _______________ to _______________ into an _____ sequence •Works by using a sequence of _____ ______________ on the mRNA called a _______________ –Ex: UCGCACGGU •UCG - CAC - GGU –AUG = _________codon (starts ____________ _____________) –UGA, UAA, UAG = _______________ codons Translation •Begins when _______________ leaves _______________ through nuclear pores •mRNA moves to _______________ •Ribosome attaches to start _______________ on mRNA –What is the start codon? •Start codon pairs w/ _______________ on _______________ –Anticodon is _______________ to mRNA •Ex: codon = GAC anticodon = CUG •Each tRNA molecule also contains an AA on the end –First AA in every polypeptide is Methionine –Why? •Ribosome continues to move along the mRNA _______________ •Each AA bonds w/ the next AA •Ribosome reaches a _______________ codon •_______________ is _______________ from _______________ DNA mRNA tRNA TAC-GGA-TCG-AGA-CAT-GAC-ATC AUG-CCU-AGC-UCU-GUA-CUG-UAG UAC-GGA-UCG-AGA-CAU-GAC-AUC AA sequence Methionine – Proline – Serine – Serine – Valine – Leucine - Stop DNA mRNA tRNA TAC-GCT-TAG-CAT-GAC-CCT-ATC AA sequence