Download Organelles Summary Assignment

Honors Biology
Chapter 4
Homework Assignment
Name __________________________
Organelle and Cell Structure Review Questions
Complete the table:
(Note, ER has been subdivided into the rough ER and smooth ER – so there will be a spot on this table
for each one. Also, I have not included peroxisomes on this chart.)
Organelle
Function/Description
Area as dark spots within nucleus when cell is stained. Sites of ribosomal RNA
synthesis and assembly.
Small structures composed of RNA and protein, which catalyze the synthesis of a
cell’s proteins. May be in cytosol, or found attached to ER.
Composed of stiff fibers of cellulose and other complex carbohydrates. Found in
plant and fungal cells.
System of flattened discs that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other
macromolecules in vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Also site
of protein modification.
Membrane system associated with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis for proteins
destined for Golgi, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or excretion outside of cell.
Double-membrane. Holds genetic information for organism.
Membrane system NOT associated with ribosomes. Major site of biosynthetic
reactions like cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs
and other substances.
Network of microtubules and microfilaments that provide shape, internal
organization and movement. Also allows for movement by pseudopodia in amoeba
and white blood cells.
Double membrane. Site of cellular respiration reactions. Contains own DNA.
Large single-membrane compartment used for storage of macromolecules, water,
digestive enzymes and waste products in plant cell.
Double membrane. Site of photosynthesis.
Tubular structures of microtubules that may function in guiding cellular division.
Membrane-enclosed compartments that bud off the Golgi, delivering cellular cargo
either to plasma membrane, to outside of cell, or to other organelles.
Specialized vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for break down of
macromolecules. Will fuse with vesicles originating from either endocytosis or the
Golgi apparatus.
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Honors Biology
Chapter 4
Homework Assignment
Name __________________________
Fill in the Blank with the correct organelle or cell part:
1.
A cell that produces lots of protein would have many ________________________________.
2.
A liver cell, which detoxifies drugs in the body has many _____________________________.
3.
As the based of a flagella in a sperm cell we see many _______________________, which
provide ATP necessary to power movement.
4.
In a macrophage, which is an immune cell that take up microbes (germs) by phagocytosis (cell
eating) and then destroys them, we find many ______________________________.
5.
The outermost layer of a bacterium is the ________________________________.
6.
New lipid for the plasma membrane originates at the ______________________________.
7.
An organelle in the plant cell that releases oxygen as a product of photosynthesis is the
_________________________________.
8.
Because plants don’t have lysosomes, they have ____________________________________.
9.
All organelles are surrounded by a __________________________________.
10.
Proteins that function in organelles involved in the inner membrane system or outside of the
cell are synthesized by ____________________________ that are associated with the
__________________________.
11.
A nerve cell, which secretes a tremendous amount of compounds involved in nerve
transmission outside the cell would be expected to contain a large number of ___________________.
12.
The organelle responsible for directing newly made proteins where they need to go in a cell is
called the ____________________________________.
13. The organelles that probably arose by the theory of endosymbiosis are the
______________________ and the _____________________.
Short Answer:
1. How is the smooth ER different from the rough ER?
2. How is the Golgi different from the endoplasmic reticulum?
3. Why does the breakdown of the lysosome membrane result in the death of a cell?
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Honors Biology
Chapter 4
Homework Assignment
Name __________________________
4. What are the components of the endomembrane system?
5. Describe the structure and function of flagella and cilia in eukaryotes. How are the flagella, cilia
and cytoskeleton related?
6. Describe the structure and function of a cell membrane, and compare it with the structure and
function of a cell wall.
7. What supports a eukaryotic cell and gives it shape?
8. Would you expect cells that produce hair to contain more ribosomes than cells that store fat? Why?
9. What three cellular structures enable a cell to move?
10. How would you identify a prokaryotic cell, a plant cell, and an animal cell using a light microscope?
11. Why do plant cells require a cell wall while animal cells do not?
12. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are energy converters, but their functions are quite different.
Compare them by filling in the chart below:
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Honors Biology
Chapter 4
Homework Assignment
Name __________________________
Chloroplasts
Found in the following
organisms
Carries out the process of….
Converts energy of….
Into chemical energy of…..
Evolved by endosymbiosis
from….
13. Why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
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Mitochondria