Download Honors Biology - LangdonBiology.org

Honors Biology
Cellular Biology Homework
Cell Membrane questions
1. Draw the structure of the cell membrane. You must include phospholipids, integral proteins,
peripheral proteins, carbohydrate markers, and cholesterol.
2. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions.
3. If you hospitalized and given an IV, the bag you are hooked up to is often NS or normal saline. It
is never pure water. Why?
4. Describe what would happen if you put a fish evolved to live in fresh water into the ocean.
5. If a patient with type A blood is transfused with type B blood, they will die. Why?
6. What type of molecules will cross a cell membrane without assistance?
7. Cells in your thyroid gland can pump iodide (I-) from low concentrations in the blood into a high
concentration of I- inside the cell. How must this material be crossing the membrane?
8. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Cell Anatomy questions
9. Identify the labeled structures in this cell diagram
10. Describe the nuclear membrane. Give two traits that differ from the cell membrane.
What is an example of a molecule that exits the nucleus? What is an example of something that
enters the nucleus?
11. Describe the role of a ribosome, where they are found, and what they are made of. How does
the ribosome relate to the nucleolus?
12. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? Why is rough ER often found closest
to the nucleus?
13. What is the role of the Golgi Bodies?
14. What is the role of the mitochondria? Of the chloroplasts?
15. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are amazing structures. According to the endosymbiotic theory,
they were originally bacteria that were swallowed by the cell but not digested. Rather, they
began to live inside the cell and eventually evolved into the organelles. List at least four pieces
of evidence that support this theory.
16. - A muscle cell has many more mitochondria than a liver cell. Why?
- Endocrine glands—organs that produce hormones—have more ER and Golgi bodies than usual.
Why?
- Red blood cells kill off all of their mitochondria, and thus have none. Why would they do this?
(hint: think about what a red blood cell does, and what mitochondria do.)
- If you were to disrupt the extracellular matrix in a muscle, what would happen?
17. Animal cells will explode if placed in hypotonic solutions. Why don’t plants?