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BIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW 2013
CHAPTER 1 – The Science of biology
Terms to know: Biology, Hypothesis, Variable, Control, Metabolism, Synthesis, Excretion, Nutrition,
Transport, Homeostasis, Autotroph, Heterotroph
1. What are the characteristics that all living things have in common?
Know the life processes?
2. Identify the steps in the scientific method; list them in order.
3. What is a controlled experiment?
CHAPTER 2 – The Chemistry of Life
Terms to know: Hydrogen bond, Hydrolysis, Dehydration synthesis, Cohesion, Adhesion, pH scale
4. For each of the macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), know the
following:
-the elements that make up each type of macromolecule (including ratios)
-the monomer for each macromolecule
-the function of each macromolecule
-examples each type of macromolecules
-basic structure of each macromolecule (the “parts” that
make up each of the macromolecule.
5. What are the differences between acids and bases? Know
the neutralization reaction.
6. What is the polar nature of water, hydrogen bonding, some
properties of water.
CHAPTER 7 – Cell Structure and Function
Terms to know: Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic,
7. What is the cell theory? Know the three statements!
8. What makes up the cell membrane? Know the diagram.
9. What is the organization of cells in multicellular
organisms? Which parts are hydrophobic and
hydrophilic?
10. Know the parts of the cell, their functions, and what type
of cell they are found in (animal, plant, prokaryotic)?
11. Recognize them on a diagram. What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
12. Be able to explain how materials move across the cell membrane. What is the difference
between osmosis and diffusion?
13. What is a concentration gradient? What makes a solution hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic and
what happens to cells in these solutions?
CHAPTER 8 – Photosynthesis
14. Know the function and structure of ATP. How does ATP provide energy in a cell? Where is the
energy stored?
15. Know the balanced equation for photosynthesis. Know the two
main stages of photosynthesis.
16. Know the structure of the leaf. Be able to label the parts of a leaf.
Know the functions of each part of the leaf.
17. Why does a leaf appear green?
18. What is chromatography?
CHAPTER 9 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
19. Know the stages of aerobic cellular respiration (know the general equation, the reactants and
products of each stage).
20. What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
CHAPTER 10 – Cell Growth and Division
Terms to know: asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction,
chromosomes, chromatin, interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis,
centrioles, cell plate, cleavage furrow, budding, binary fission,
regeneration.
21. Know the different phases of mitosis. Be able to recognize the diagram of each stage.
22. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
CHAPTER 11 – Introduction to Genetics
Terms to know: genetics, fertilization, trait, , genes, alleles, gametes, probability, homozygous,
heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, Punnett square, diploid, haploid, crossing-over, zygote, somatic
cell,
23. Why did Gregor Mendel study pea plants?
24. Know dominant/recessive traits, incomplete dominance, codominance, and
multiple alleles.
CHAPTER 14 – Human Heredity
Terms to know: karyotype, sex chromosomes, autosomes, sex-linked genes, nondisjunction,
pedigree, amniocentesis
25. Be able to find an abnormality on a karyotype.
26. Be able to look at a pedigree and determine the genotypes and
phenotypes of the family members.
27. Know nondisjunction, trisomy, monosomy, addition, inversion, deletion.
28. Understand x-linked traits. Why is it more likely for a boy to have an x-linked disorder than a
girl?
29. Know the different human blood types. What are the possible genotypes for each blood type?
30. Know the disorders: Down’s Syndrome, Hemophilia, Colorblindness, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle
cell anemia, Huntingtons.
BE ABLE TO COMPLETE A BLOOD TYPE GENETIC PROBLEM, A SEXLINKED GENETIC
PROBLEM AND ANSWER QUESTIONS BASED ON A CHROMOTOGRAPHY OF PLANT
PIGMENTS.