Download Final Exam Review Study the following terms and concepts to

Final Exam Review
Study the following terms and concepts to prepare for the final
Chapter 1-What is science?
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Designing an experimento Hypothesiso Theoryo Controlled experiment• Tools of Biology
o Light Microscopeo TEMo SEMo Metric system Unit for
 Temperature Length Mass VolumeChapter 2
Section 2-3- Macromolecule
• What is the function of each Macromolecule?
o Carbohydrateo Lipido Proteino Nucleic AcidChapter 7-The cell
7.2--Know the structures and functions of a cell
• Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote• Cell membrane• Ribosome• Mitochondria• Chloroplast• Nucleus• Vacuole-
7.3--Cell transport
• Diffusion• Osmosis• HomeostasisChapter 8
8.2—Photosynthesis
• What is the purpose of it?
• Equation for Photosynthesis=
• What are the products?
• What are the reactants?
• What would happen if you removed any of the reactants?
Chapter 9
9.1- Cellular Respiration
• What is the purpose of it?
• Equation for Respiration=
• What are the products?
• What are the reactants?
• What would happen if you removed any of the reactants?
• Why cellular respiration is considered an opposite process of Photosynthesis? Who do
they relate?
• Aerobic –
• Anaerobic• Lactic acid fermentation• Alcoholic fermentationChapter 10
10.2—Cell division
• Cell regulation• What controls cell regulation?
• Cancer• Cell cycle• Events of cell cycleo Interphaseo Mitosis Prophase Anaphase-
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 Metaphase Telophase CytokinesisWhat is the end result of mitosis?
Chapter 11
11.2-Probability and Punnett Squares
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Know how to do a genetic cross
Know how to predict the probabilities of both phenotypes and genotypes
GameteGenotypeHomozygousHeterozygousPhenotype-
11.3 – Exploring Mendelian Genetics
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Incomplete dominanceCo dominanceBlood Types crossesSex-linked TraitsWhy do more males get these (example colorblindness) than females?
11.4-Meiosis
• Diploid• Haploid• Gamete• Meiosis• What is the end result of meiosis?
Chapter 12
12.1-DNA
• Bacteriophage• Transformation• Base-pair rules-
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StructureParts of a nucleotide-
12.2-DNA replication
• What is replication?
12.3-RNA and Protein synthesis
• What is the structure of RNA?
• Types of RNAo mRNAo tRNAo rRNA• Transcription• Translationo Codon
o Exono Introno What are the building blocks of protein?
o Who do you determine which amino acid comes next in the genetic code?
12.4-Mutations
• What is a mutation?
• Gene mutation• Chromosomal mutationChapter 13
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Selective breedingHybridizationInbreedingTransgenic organismsWhy are they useful?
What is a clone?
What are the two main sources of genetic variation?
1. Mutations
2. Gene shuffling3. Crossing over
Chapter 15-Evolution
• What did Lamarck propose?
• Evolution• Theory• Fossil• What did Darwin observe?
• Where did he go to make these observations?
• Artificial selection• Natural selectiono struggle for existenceo survival of the fittesto fitnesso adaptation•
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Descent with modificationEvidence of evolutiono Fossil recordo Geographical distribution
o Homologous body structureso Similarities in Embryology-