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Final Exam Review Study the following terms and concepts to prepare for the final Chapter 1-What is science? • Designing an experimento Hypothesiso Theoryo Controlled experiment• Tools of Biology o Light Microscopeo TEMo SEMo Metric system Unit for Temperature Length Mass VolumeChapter 2 Section 2-3- Macromolecule • What is the function of each Macromolecule? o Carbohydrateo Lipido Proteino Nucleic AcidChapter 7-The cell 7.2--Know the structures and functions of a cell • Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote• Cell membrane• Ribosome• Mitochondria• Chloroplast• Nucleus• Vacuole- 7.3--Cell transport • Diffusion• Osmosis• HomeostasisChapter 8 8.2—Photosynthesis • What is the purpose of it? • Equation for Photosynthesis= • What are the products? • What are the reactants? • What would happen if you removed any of the reactants? Chapter 9 9.1- Cellular Respiration • What is the purpose of it? • Equation for Respiration= • What are the products? • What are the reactants? • What would happen if you removed any of the reactants? • Why cellular respiration is considered an opposite process of Photosynthesis? Who do they relate? • Aerobic – • Anaerobic• Lactic acid fermentation• Alcoholic fermentationChapter 10 10.2—Cell division • Cell regulation• What controls cell regulation? • Cancer• Cell cycle• Events of cell cycleo Interphaseo Mitosis Prophase Anaphase- • Metaphase Telophase CytokinesisWhat is the end result of mitosis? Chapter 11 11.2-Probability and Punnett Squares • • • • • • • Know how to do a genetic cross Know how to predict the probabilities of both phenotypes and genotypes GameteGenotypeHomozygousHeterozygousPhenotype- 11.3 – Exploring Mendelian Genetics • • • • • Incomplete dominanceCo dominanceBlood Types crossesSex-linked TraitsWhy do more males get these (example colorblindness) than females? 11.4-Meiosis • Diploid• Haploid• Gamete• Meiosis• What is the end result of meiosis? Chapter 12 12.1-DNA • Bacteriophage• Transformation• Base-pair rules- • • StructureParts of a nucleotide- 12.2-DNA replication • What is replication? 12.3-RNA and Protein synthesis • What is the structure of RNA? • Types of RNAo mRNAo tRNAo rRNA• Transcription• Translationo Codon o Exono Introno What are the building blocks of protein? o Who do you determine which amino acid comes next in the genetic code? 12.4-Mutations • What is a mutation? • Gene mutation• Chromosomal mutationChapter 13 • • • • • • • Selective breedingHybridizationInbreedingTransgenic organismsWhy are they useful? What is a clone? What are the two main sources of genetic variation? 1. Mutations 2. Gene shuffling3. Crossing over Chapter 15-Evolution • What did Lamarck propose? • Evolution• Theory• Fossil• What did Darwin observe? • Where did he go to make these observations? • Artificial selection• Natural selectiono struggle for existenceo survival of the fittesto fitnesso adaptation• • Descent with modificationEvidence of evolutiono Fossil recordo Geographical distribution o Homologous body structureso Similarities in Embryology-