Download Unit 3: Study Guide Test Date: Objectives: Can you….? List the

Unit 3: Study Guide
Test Date: _________________________________
Objectives: Can you….?
List the scientists who contributed to our knowledge of the cell.
1. ___________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________
List the 3 components of the cell theory.
1.__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Compare prokaryote to eukaryote cells using the t-chart.
Describe the functions of all cell organelles.
1. Mitochondrion:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Cell membrane: __________________________________________________________
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum: __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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4. Nucleus:_________________________________________________________________
5. Ribosomes:_______________________________________________________________
6. Golgi Body: ______________________________________________________________
7. Vacuoles: _______________________________________________________________
8. Nucleolus: ______________________________________________________________
9. Nuclear Membrane: ______________________________________________________
10. Chloroplasts:___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
11. Lysosomes: ____________________________________________________________
12. Cytoplasm: ______________________________________________________________
What are three differences between animal and plant cells?
1.
2.
3.
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Early Contributions:
________________________- The first person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that
he saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
_______________________- Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules"
(1673)
________________________- zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells (1839)
_______________________- botanist, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells (1845)
_________________________ - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known
as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )
The Cell Theory:
1. Every living organism is made of one or more __________________.
2. The cell is the basic unit of ____________and __________________.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing _________________.
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Cell Features: (All cells have these characteristics)
_______________________ - make protein for use by the organism
_______________________ - jelly-like goo on the inside of the cell
_______________________ - genetic material
_______________________ - outer boundary of the cell, some stuff can cross the cell membrane.
CELL MEMBRANE (or plasma membrane)
The __________________________________is semi-permeable (selectively permeable).
It is composed of a double- layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins
Jobs of the cell membrane



Isolate the cytoplasm from the external environment
Regulate what comes in and what goes out.
Communicate with other cells
Phospholipids (fats) contain a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail, which creates a
barrier.
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth. They are always
___________________organisms. They have a cell wall.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a _____________________. Their DNA is floating in the cytoplasm in
a circular loop called a ________________________.
Bacteria are ______________________, or single-celled organisms.
Label the Bacteria. Use your notes and diagrams from class.
The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"
Other features found in some bacteria:
_________________ - used for movement
_________________- small hair-like structures used for attaching to other cells
________________ - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful
bacteria
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Eukaryotic Cells (Plant and Animal Cells)
Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small
unicellular "animalcules").
The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts:
______________________ - outer boundary of the cell
_____________________ - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell
_____________________- the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
_____________________ - "little organs" that carry out cell functions
Cell Structures - Organelles
1. The Nucleus

Usually found at center of cell

Has a nuclear ___________________ which contains nuclear pores

Contains cell's DNA in one of 2 forms
o _________________- DNA bound to protein (non-dividing cell)
o __________________- condesed structures seen in dividing cell

Also contains an organelle called _________________- which makes the cell’s ribosomes.
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2. Mitochondria: Energy center or "___________________" of the cell. Turns food into
useable energy (ATP)
3. Ribosome – make________________________, located on the rough endoplasmic
reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm
4. Golgi Apparatus - processing, packages and secretes proteins; ________________are
transported in vesicles
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5. _______________________ - contains digestive enzymes that can break things down,
also called a "suicide sac" because the rupturing of the lysosome will cause the cell to destroy
itself
6. ______________________________________ - Transport, "intracellular highway".
Ribosomes are positioned along the rough ER, protein made by the ribosomes enter the ER
for transport.
______________________ ER - no ribosomes
_______________________ER - contains ribosomes
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7. _____________________________- helps maintain the cells shape; supports the cell
and aids in cell movement. It is composed of microtubules which are made by the centrioles.
8. _____________________________ - storage area for water and other substances, plant
cells usually have a large central vacuole
Plant Cell: Has all the components of animal cells with some additional structures.
9. ______________________ - Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in
plant cells), contains green pigment chlorophyll
10. __________________________ - outside the cell membrane of plants and some bacteria,
the cell wall serves as support
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11. ___________________________ - large water container, helps maintain a turgor
(stiffness) in the plant
Cell Structures and Processes
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. _____________________
8. _____________________
9. _____________________
10. ____________________
11. ____________________
12. ____________________
13. ____________________
14. ____________________
15. ____________________
16. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?
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A. ___________________________
B. ___________________________
C. ___________________________
D. ___________________________
E. ___________________________
F. ___________________________
G. ___________________________
H. ___________________________
I. ___________________________
J. ___________________________
K. ___________________________
L. ___________________________
M. ___________________________
N. ___________________________
List the structures found in plants, but not animal cells:
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1. What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?
ribosomes
lysosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
vacuole
2. Identify the organelle pictured.
chloroplast
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
3. What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
cell membrane
mitochondria
4. Which of the following would you NOT find in a bacterial cell?
DNA
cell membrane
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
5. Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells?
cell wall
vacuole
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
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6. The jellylike interior of the cell is called the:
vacuole
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
nucleus
7. Identify the organelle.
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
lysosome
8. What part of the cell makes proteins?
ribosomes
mitochondria
lysosomes
vacuole
9. Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells?
inside the nucleus
near the cell membrane
on the endoplasmic reticulum
inside the vacuole
10. What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins?
mitochondria
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endoplasmic reticulum
nucleolus
golgi apparatus
Comparing Cells
Use what you know about each type of cell (reference pictures if needed), and place a
check in the box if the cell has that characteristic or structure.
Bacteria
Plant
Animal
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytosol
Central Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
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